Recherche

Hokuto no Ken - Fist of the North Star Tome 5

Extraits

ActuaLitté

Ethnologie

Narratives of the Past in Malbulen. Blaan Perspectives (Mindanao, Philippines)

This publication is the volume 10 of a series dealing with the culture, the history and the traditions of the Blaan of Malbulen (Little Baguio, Mindanao, Philippines). It is available in Blaan and in English. Elders share their stories to a group of youngsters who ask them questions on a variety of topics such as life of the ancestors, cosmogony, conflicts and social rules, spirits and animals, hunting, childbirth and marriage, burial practices, signs, dreams and religion. The book provides the verbatim accounts of these discussions recorded during a workshop that took place in Malbulen in 2015.

07/2021

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Critique littéraire

Etudes anglaises N° 2/2022 : Contemporary Nigerian literature

ARTICLES Vanessa GUIGNERY : Introduction. Contemporary Nigerian Literature in English : An Orchestra of Pluralities Madhu KRISHNAN : Contemporary Nigerian Literature, Literary Activism and Networks of Production in the Twenty-First Century Moradewun ADEJUNMOBI : Male Waithood and Radical Transformation in A. Igoni Barrett's Blackass Cédric COURTOIS : Visibilizing "Those Who Have No Part" : LGBTQIA+ Representation in Contemporary Nigerian Fiction in English Eleni COUNDOURIOTIS : Unruly Stories : Opening up to History in Helon Habila's Travelers Sule Emmanuel EGYA : The Ecopoetics of Flooding in Contemporary Nigeria Isidore DIALA : Paranoid Messiahs : The Military in Wole Soyinka's Later Satirical Drama COMPTES RENDUS Notes on Contributors Guidelines for Authors

07/2022

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Histoire et Philosophiesophie

CONSTRUCTING QUARKS. A Sociological History of Particle Physics

Widely regarded as a classic in its field, Constructing Quarks recounts the history of the post-war development of elementary particle physics. Inviting a reappraisal of the status of scientific knowledge, Andrew Pickering suggests that scientists are not passive observers; and reporters of nature. Rather, they are active producers of the world through a social symbiosis of experimental and theoretical practice. "Constructing Quarks chronicles what many have begun to regard as a major revolution in 20th century science-the discovery of quarks and gauge field theories of strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions. A prodigious piece of scholarship that I can heartily recommend." -Michael Riordan, New Scientist "An admirable history.... Because his account is so detailed and so accurate, and because it makes clear why the physicists did what they did, it is eminently suited to be required reading for all young physicists entering or contemplating entering the practice of elementary-particle physics." -Hugh N. Pendleton, Physics Today "A very detailed description of a remarkable enterprise." -John Polkinghorne, Times Higher Education Supplement

01/1984

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Lecture 9-12 ans

Star Wars Force Rebelle Tome 5 : Piège

Les vieux secrets crééent de nouveaux problèmes à nos héros alors qu'ils traquent leur ultime ennemi à travers la galaxie.

11/2016

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Ethnologie

Looking for Signs: Animals, Spirits and Death Rituals Ibaloy Perspectives (Itogon, Philippines)

This publication is the volume 3 of a series dealing with the culture and traditions of the Ibaloy of Upper Doacan (Itogon, Benguet, Philippines). It is available in Nabaloy and in English. Elders share their stories to a group of youngsters who ask them questions on a variety of topics such as animals, signs, death rituals and spirits. The book provides the verbatim accounts of these discussions recorded during a workshop that took place at the Senior-Citizen hall in 2018.

06/2020

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Ethnologie

Pesing Ja Mengsas ni Sinjal: Animal, Karashowa tan Kesheng para ni Minatay Pammati ni Ibadoy (Doacan, Itokon, Pilipinas)

This publication is the volume 3 of a series dealing with the culture and traditions of the Ibaloy of Upper Doacan (Itogon, Benguet, Philippines). It is available in Nabaloy and in English. Elders share their stories to a group of youngsters who ask them questions on a variety of topics such as animals, signs, death rituals and spirits. The book provides the verbatim accounts of these discussions recorded during a workshop that took place at the Senior-Citizen hall in 2018.

06/2020

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Anglais apprentissage

Young Learners

Resource Books for Teachers give guidance on the key aspects of language teaching, and provide examples and discussion of actual classroom materials and techniques. This new primary sub-series, in a larger format, specifically addresses the needs of primary teachers, teacher trainers, and trainee teachers. Each book contains guidance for the teacher, 6o to 100 activities for primary children, and up to 20 photocopiable worksheets. The activities are explained clearly and simply, with aims, age range, and level clearly laid out. Young Learners is based on the principle that primary teachers of English have a much wider responsibility than the simple teaching of the language system. The English class is not only a place where children learn English ; it also forms part of their whole education. This book provides teachers with a rich source of ideas for English lessons. It contains ideas and materials for activities such as making posters, books, and cards ; making and playing with board games and puppets, as well as drama, songs, and stories. It includes helpful hints for teachers new to young Learners, for instance on the use of English in the classroom, and feedback from learners.

01/1993

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Chanson française

Les Rita Mitsouko. The No Comprendo

Pour The No Comprendo, Catherine Ringer et Fred Chichin changent la dimension qui était la leur jusqu'au succès de Marcia Baïla. En travaillant une charpente rock-funk tirant vers des sons plus ronds, plus massifs aussi, mais sans tomber dans le piège de l'emphase pop. Une machine à danser intelligente, qui sait envelopper le funk d'atours un peu "crashés" et syncopés ; une boule d'énergie, fulgurante et chic à la fois où l'écriture soignée tient le premier rôle avec, en second degré, une dance-music agitant pieds, bassin et mollets pendant quatre minutes de pur plaisir.

12/2023

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Histoire des sciences

Histoire de la recherche contemporaine Tome 10 N° 2/2021 : Les outils documentaires de la science

DOSSIER : Les outils documentaires de la science La première génération d'Internet (1991-2021) et ses transitions. Regards croisés sur l'information scientifique et technique (IST) : contenus, destinations, usages Renaud Fabre Brève histoire de l'IST numérique Jean-Yves Mérindol Les évolutions transversales de l'information scientifique et technique avec l'apparition du numérique Michèle Dassa, Christine Kosmopoulos La fin de la publication scientifique ? Une analyse entre légitimité, prédation et automatisation Chérifa Boukacem Zeghmouri Se fédérer pour évoluer : les communautés de pratique de l'information et de l'édition scientifiques Sabrina Granger, Joanna Jannik Diffuser et pérenniser le savoir scientifique : 20 ans d'histoire de HAL Christine Berthaud, Daniel Charnay, Nathalie Fargier Recensements et mesures de la publication scientifique : l'article scientifique comme donnée Daniel Egret L'hypertexte et les sciences (1991-2021) : des voies navigables pour les routes de connaissances Renaud Fabre, Joachim Schöpfel Organisation des connaissances : approche historique et critique des classifications des savoirs Widad Mustafa El Hadi, Ismaïl Timimi Du papier à la science ouverte : évolutions des services d'accès à l'information Arnaud Moign, Anne-Marie Badolato, Claire François, Cécilia Fabry Analyse scientométrique du domaine de l'infectiologie de 2000 à 2020 Lesya Baudoin, Anne Glanard, Abdelghani Maddi, Wilfriedo Mescheba, Frédérique Sachwald REPORT : Documentary tools for science The first generation of the Internet (1991-2021) and its transitions. Cross-views on scientific and technical information (STI) : content, destinations, uses. Renaud Fabre Brief history of digital technical scientific information Jean-Yves Mérindol Transversal evolutions of scientific information with the emergence of digital technology Michèle Dassa, Christine Kosmopoulos The end of scientific journal ? An analysis at the crossroad of legitimacy, predation and automation Chérifa Boukacem Zeghmouri Federating for change : communities of practice in scientific information and publishing Sabrina Granger, Joanna Janik Disseminating and perpetuating scientific knowledge : 20 years of HAL's history Christine Berthaud, Daniel Charnay, Nathalie Fargier Referencing and metrics of the scientific publication : The scholarly publication as data Daniel Egret Hypertext and science (1991 -2021) : A safer navigation on roads towards Knowledge Renaud Fabre, Joachim Schöpfel Organisation of knowledge : historical and critical approach to knowledge classifications Widad Mustafa El Hadi, Ismaïl Timimi From paper to open science : developments in information access services Arnaud Moign, Cécilia Fabry, Anne-Marie Badolato, Claire François Scientometric analysis of the field of infectious diseases from 2000 to 2020 Lesya Baudoin, Anne Glanard, Abdelghani Maddi, Wilfriedo Mescheba, Frédérique Sachwald

05/2022

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Droit

Practical Applications of Linear Programming Duality

The objective of this book is the application of main theoretical ideas concerning linear programming dual prices to the analysis of specific planning problems. Among the new applied problems considered there are : elimination of production bottlenecks, decentralized planning, river transport, coordination of economic interests and production plans, optimal development strategies, mutually profitable trade, pricing for new equipment. Some new theoretical results are also provided (algorithms for block angular linear programs, stability domains of dual prices, conditions for preservation of the optimal basis). The exposition is amply illustrated with numerical examples solved in detail.

01/1994

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Non classé

Exchange Marriages in South Punjab, Pakistan

This book deals with the system of exchange marriages in South Punjab, Pakistan. This system does not only regulate mate selection, but it is also an institutional guarantee of reciprocity, welfare and social cohesion. It connects families by means of one marriage, and also creates a double bond between two (or sometimes more) couples. This establishes specific conditions for stability and possible changes in marriage pattern. Valuation and stigmatization as social mechanisms are used to maintain the system of the exchange. It also shows to what degree new forms of cultural values and new patterns of social exchange come into play, create contradictions and undermine the traditional cultural norms. The study focuses on the interplay between structure, culture, and agency (Archer 1996). Thereby, not only the functions and dysfunctions of the system come into view, but also the conditions under which the system is actively being maintained by different actors ; the tensions that it produces between individual and collective perspectives ; as well as the cultural and structural conditions under which marriage practices and concepts are gradually being transformed.

11/2011

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Non classé

Languages of Exile

Languages of Exile examines the relationship between geographic and linguistic border crossings in twentieth-century literature. Like no period before it, the last century was marked by the experience of expatriation, forcing exiled writers to confront the fact of linguistic difference. Literary writing can be read as the site where that confrontation is played out aesthetically – at the intersection between native and acquired language, between indigenous and alien, between self and other – in a complex multilingual dynamic specific to exile and migration. The essays collected here explore this dynamic from a comparative perspective, addressing the paragons of modernism as well as less frequently studied authors, from Joseph Conrad and Peter Weiss to Agota Kristof and Malika Mokeddem. The essays are international in their approach ; they deal with the junctions and gaps between English, French, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish and other languages. The literary works and practices addressed include modernist poetry and prose, philosophical criticism and autobiography, DADA performance, sound art and experimental music theatre. This volume reveals both the wide range of creative strategies developed in response to the interstitial situation of exile and the crucial role of exile for a renewed understanding of twentieth-century literature.

10/2013

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Philosophie

Horizons of Humanity

This collection of essays represents an interdisciplinary approach to some contemporary issues in the philosophy of science and the theory of knowledge. It is also an attempt to place art in the context of human cognition in general and also to relate it to science and philosophy. Its conception is such that it accords with the view that our creativity is not separable from a humanistic orientation. Within such a humanistic framework, aiming at a stable form of peace becomes the moral responsibility of both the scientist and the philosopher.

07/1997

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Non classé

Portraits of Women in Selected Works of Gabriele Reuter

Known primarily for the novel, Aus guter Familie, Gabriele Reuter has not yet been accorded the attention she deserves for her contribution to German literature in general and women's writing in particular. The precisely observed portraits of women in the novels discussed in this volume allow us to experience the complex interplay of societal norms and individual needs which shape feminine existence. Among the themes treated are misguided motherhood, the virtue of the unwed mother, the conflict between the will to be and the need to love and be loved, woman's role in the political sphere and a comparison of womanhood in two generations. One of the enduring pleasures of reading Reuter is the rich variety of female characters from the early part of the twentieth century.

12/1987

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Télévision, radio

Star Wars The Mandalorian saison 1. Le guide complet

Après des décennies de terreur et d'oppression, l'Empire Galactique n'est plus et la Nouvelle République s'est dressée sur ses cendres. Tapi dans la Bordure Extérieure, échappant à l'autorité du gouvernement, un chasseur de primes légendaire simplement connu sous le nom de Mandalorian tente de survivre dans un environnement hostile en obéissant à un code ancestral. Mais lorsqu'on l'envoie retrouver un bien précieux pour un mystérieux client, le mercenaire comprend vite que le mal est encore bien présent, tenace et résilient comme du Beskar. Telle est la voie... qui vous permettra de tout connaître sur le Mandalorian ! Tout au long de témoignages, d'anecdotes, de photos de tournage et de dessins préparatoires, ce livre vous fera voyager jusqu'aux Territoires de la Bordure Extérieure.

10/2021

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Roman d'amour, roman sentiment

Don't leave me

Jordan and Florence had made a promise never to part with each other, having managed to heal their past pains. Unfortunately, one day she will return to France, leaving Jordan, alone, in Boston. Their love, their carnal complicity in which they always found refuge and had fun in unusual places, cannot be ended on a whim. The death of a child, of a parent, suicide, disability, so many trials that will test their love, so that they admit they are nothing without the other. Will they succeed, knowing that when one is loved, one strength is increased tenfold when one encounters an obstacle ? Besides, distance is nothing when two people love each other so passionately, destiny is supposed to bring those who love each other together.

07/2022

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Sciences de la terre et de la

Dinosaur imagery. The Science of Lost Worlds and Jurassic Art, The Lanzendorf Collection

"Paleo-art resides in many of the world's great Natural History Museums, but the most notable collection characterizing the present state of dinosaur art is that of John Lanzendorf. It would be impossible to collect all of the dinosaur artwork being produced today; if it could be done, John would be the one to do it. Highly respected by the artists he supports and the scientists he associates with, John has built an awe-inspiring collection that is representative of the genre and is the envy of many museums. As we move into a new millennium, his collection is the most appropriate source for documenting the marriage of the creative talents of artists and scientists." The art of natural history is both compelling and emotive, often emblematic of society's view of our world. This same art also reflects the messages that scientists hope to send to a general audience as a part of their effort to influence how the public view and supports science. Art is both the medium and the message. Dinosaur Imagery is a luxurious testimonial to the public fascination with dinosaurs, enriched by imagery that eloquently illustrates current scientific theories about dinosaur behavior, physiology, locomotion, and reproduction. The evidence for many of these hypotheses of dinosaur life is very good, and thus, the art of dinosaur depiction is rooted in scientific inquiry. The paintings and sculptures that illustrate dinosaur science are powerful, and museums and collectors vie for this art, paying top dollar to acquire it and display it. Dinosaur Imagery is a stunning fusion of superlative scientific inquiry and unparalleled artistic imagination. Regardless of back-ground, no person interested in dinosaurs should be without a copy of this book.

05/2000

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Pédagogie

L'Arbre du savoir-apprendre, vers un référentiel cognitif. The Art of Learning and the Knowledge Tree, Toward a Cognitive Framework, Edition bilingue français-anglais

Je suis, pour ma part, convaincue que le rôle essentiel du monde éducatif dans son ensemble est de permettre, par une véritable présence, l'émergence chez tous les partenaires de la situation d'apprentissage, de leur propre questionnement qui ouvre l'espace intérieur sur notre capacité matricielle, celui qui met en mouvement les co-acteurs, la personne en formation et ceux qui l'accompagnent, vers un lieu où il leur est possible d'actualiser leur potentiel. ... Si le questionnement est la véritable sève de l'arbre du savoir-apprendre, les différents acteurs de la situation de formation ne peuvent plus en faire l'économie pour leur propre parcours. I, for one, am convinced that the essential role of all the educational actors, through a genuine presence to each other, is to enable the emergence of personal inquiry which contributes to the opening up of our learning space. It also sets in motion the co-actors, the learner and those who accompany that learner toward a place where it is possible to actualize their own potential. ... If inquiry is the true sap of the tree of knowledge, the different actors in the educational setting can no longer do without it on their own journey.

03/2022

ActuaLitté

Mathématiques

Galois Theory. 1998, 2nd edition

This text offers a clear, efficient exposition of Galois Theory with complete proofs and exercises. Topics include: cubic and quartic formulas, Fundamental Theory of Galois Theory; insolvability of the quintic; Galois's Great Theorem (solvability by radicals of a polynomial is equivalent to solvability of its Galois Group); and computation of Galois groups of cubics and quartics. There are appendices on group theory, ruler-compass constructions, and the early history of Galois Theory. This book provides a concise introduction to Galois Theory suitable for first-year graduate students, either as a text for a course or for study outside the classroom. This new edition has been completely rewritten. Proofs are now clearer because more details are given and because the exposition has been reorganized (for example, the discussion of solvability by radicals now appears later in the book). The book now begins with a short section on symmetry groups of polygons in the plane, for there is an analogy between symmetry groups of polygons and Galois groups of polynomials. This analogy can serve as a guide to help readers organize the theoretic definitions and constructions. Several new theorems have also been included; for example, the Casus Irreducibilis.

12/1998

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Non classé

Nikolaj Gumilev and Neoclassical Modernism

Nikolaj Gumilev occupies a paradoxical place within the history of Russian modernism. Although he is well known as the founder of Acmeism and is regarded as an important poet and critic, much of his work is difficult to reconcile with prevailing concepts of modernism. The present study seeks to explain this marginal position by reinterpreting Gumilev's work within the broader context of a modernist aesthetic of order, or "neo-classical modernism." The term refers to an aesthetic line within modernism that sought to reconcile certain features of traditional rhetoric - in particular the triadic style system - with modernist strategies of innovation. Although primarily devoted to Gumilev, the study also touches on Russian and French writers adhering to comparable aesthetic values, among them Annenskij, Kuzmin, Gautier, Leconte de Lisle, Valéry and Gide.

03/1993

ActuaLitté

Non classé

Chronobiology & Chronomedicine

This volume covers the recent developments in chronobiology in both East and West Europe. It mirrors the advances of Chronomedicine, the increasing interest for the inherent time structure of living systems, and their interactions with the external world, as well as their practical applications, as presented by distinguished scientist at the VIIth annual meeting of the European Society for Chronobiology in Marburg 1991.

05/1993

ActuaLitté

Non classé

Thomas Mann's «Joseph und seine Brüder» and the Phallic Theology of the Old Testament

When Thomas Mann began to work on his Joseph novel, he was motivated to do so by the image of the beautiful seventeen-year-old youth and the erotic attraction this image exercised on him personally. He undertook to retell the biblical story of Joseph in order to explore the meaning of this attraction. In the phallic theology of the Old Testament - Israel's covenant with Yahweh was a sacred marriage, outwardly marked by circumcision, for the purpose of mutual sanctification and aggrandizement - Mann discovered the framework of a metaphysics of homoerotic desire. This book explores the many implications Mann found in his biblical source, including the paradoxical notion that a certain degree of suppression of the original desire is required if it is to continue to play its all-important role as a motivating force.

09/1995

ActuaLitté

Religion

Infidels, Turks, and Women: The South Slavs in the German Mind, ca. 1400-1600

This study examines the way in which late medieval and early modern Germans envisioned the Balkan Slavic peoples. It deals with mental categories, such as images, perceptions, and attitudes, which the German-speaking subjects of the Holy Empire gradually developed during their increasingly frequent contacts with the Balkans in the period between 1400 and 1600. During that time span the Germans were constructing their own type of negative self-identification that served as a grid through which information about other peoples was processed. The closer definition of that grid and the types of images and attitudes produced by the encounter and bequeathed to modern Germans and, indeed, to the rest of Western Europe is one of the main goals of the book.

07/1997

ActuaLitté

Droit

Facilitations of Proof in Medical Malpractice Cases

In medical malpractice cases, the American as well as the German systems of law are faced with a basic dilemma : since liability is based on fault, the plaintiff who suffers bodily harm in the course of medical treatment often finds it very difficult to carry the burden of proof incumbent on him according to the normal rules of evidence. In most cases, he was harmed while unconscious or in ways not understandable to him because of his lack of knowledge in the area of medical science. Moreover, he frequently faces the reluctance of medical expert witnesses to testify about matters unfavorable to one of their professional colleagues. Therefore, American and German courts are trying to alleviate the plaintiff's burden of proof. The present study investigates these facilitations and queries whether they are still compatible with the system of fault liability.

12/1982

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Non classé

Chronobiology & Chronomedicine- Basic Research and Applications

The time structure of living systems, which rules the autonomous temporal order of organisms as well as their coherence with the outer environment, has aroused considerable attention in biology and medicine since 1937, when a few European scientists gathered to establish this new field of research. This volume contains the Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the European Society for Chronobiology, held in Marburg in 1986. It mirrors the great advances of chronobiology and chronomedicine in theory and practice up to the present. Distinguished scientists from European and other countries report on recent results in basic research and medical applications.

06/1987

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Théâtre

Diane. Edition bilingue français-anglais

Now regrettably obscure, Nicolas de Montreux published prolifically in various genres during the 1590s (under the anagrammatic pseudonym of "Olénix du Mont Sacré"). He produced most of his work in Nantes under the patronage of Philippe-Emmanuel de Lorraine, Duke of Mercoeur, when the latter was Governor of Brittany — hence the frequent political cast of his writing, since Mercoeur was the ultimate hold-out for the ultra-Catholic Holy League against Henri IV. Yet Montreux also contributed significantly to the diffusion in France of Italian-inspired romantic pastoral, and his comedy Diane, whose title evokes the Diana of Montemayor, was his major dramatic composition in this vein. First appended to the third volume of his popular Bergeries (Tours, 1594), which otherwise mingle prose and verse, Diane recalls Italian models : Tasso's Aminta, Guarini's Il Pastor Fido, the commedia dell'arte. It displays exuberant theatricality in pushing towards absurdity its inevitable theme — the disruptive power of terrestrial love, which is finally aligned with that which brings harmony to the universe. Magical intervention is the means ; multiple marriages mark the end. The overlap with Shakespeare's romantic comedies, especially A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595-96), offers a special rationale for translating Montreux's work into English. Besides an Introduction exploring the play's contexts and affiliations, the volume includes an annotated edition of the French text, unpublished since Montreux's era.

08/2019

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Littérature française

De Quincey's Revolt of the Tartars

"De Quincey's Revolt of the Tartars" by Thomas De Quincey is a compelling narrative that transports readers to the heart of ancient Asia, where the eponymous revolt unfolds with gripping intensity. De Quincey's vivid prose and meticulous research breathe life into this historical event, capturing the tumultuous political landscape and the fierce battles that shaped the fate of nations. Through his narrative, De Quincey explores themes of power, rebellion, and the clash of civilizations, offering readers a nuanced understanding of the complexities of history. "Revolt of the Tartars" stands as a testament to De Quincey's literary skill and his ability to illuminate the past with vivid detail and profound insight, ensuring that this riveting tale continues to captivate readers for generations to come.

03/2024

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Religion

Metaphor and God-talk

This volume contains a selection of the papers originally delivered at the 25th LAUD-symposium on 'Metaphor and Religion'. The essays in this volume analyse the metaphorical nature of religious language from a variety of perspectives. The concept of metaphor has been developed by the sustained attention of theologians, philosophers, linguists and literary theorists for more than two millennia. The last twenty years have witnessed a renewed and intensified interest in this powerful dynamism of thought. The present contributions offer a survey of the most adhered-to theories of metaphor. They elaborate on their significance for religious language : next to analogy as a philosophical and theological tool, interactionist, pragmatist and cognitivist theories are used to shed light on the peculiarity of human efforts to talk and think about the transcendent.

11/1999

ActuaLitté

Non classé

The German Molière Revival and the Comedies of Hugo von Hofmannsthal and Carl Sternheim

Although they have yet to be treated together in a comparative study, Hugo von Hofmannsthal and Carl Sternheim had a number of points of convergence in their respective searches for a modern form for the serious comedy. This study documents the collegial relationship between the two authors - in part with previously unpublished archival material -, analyses their respective treatments of Molière's comedies and places this in the context of Molière's reception in the German-speaking countries since the 17th century. What emerges is a new view of the comedies of Hofmannsthal and Sternheim, which sees both dramatists applying the same technique of countermodelling Molière's constellations of comedic figures - a modern critical re-appraisal of the traditional comedic type character.

02/1993

ActuaLitté

Non classé

Variation and Diachrony, with Early American English in Focus

This study of diachronic variation addresses two topics, the development of modal auxiliaries can (could), may (might), shall (should) and will (would), and the emergence of early American English as a new variety in the seventeenth century. Within the framework of socio-historical variation analysis, the author aims at accounting for diachronic change by examining the interplay of various linguistic and extra-linguistic factors in the light of evidence drawn from various corpora. The study concentrates on the language spoken and written in the New England area between 1620 and 1720, but to widen the scope in time and region, counterparts for comparison are found in the material included in the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts. The results indicate a gradual change (rather than a sudden re-structuring) in the system of the English modals from early stages on. Cumulative evidence is found for the rise of the forms can and will ; in early American English conservative (rather than innovative) tendencies characterize the development.

05/1991