Seraph of the end Tome 23

Indigenization of Language in the African Francophone Novel : A New Literary Canon discusses the question of indigenization in the African Francophone novel. Analyzing the prose narratives of Nazi Boni, Ahmadou Kourouma, and Patrice Nganang, this book contends that African literature written in European languages is primarily a creative translation process. Recourse to European languages as a medium of expressing African imagination, worldview, and cultures in fictional writing poses problems of intelligibility. Developed to express and reflect Western worldviews and sensibilities, European languages are employed by African writers to convey messages that seem to be at variance with European imagination. These writers find themselves writing in languages they wish to subvert through the technique of literary indigenization. The significance of this study resides in its raising awareness to the hurdles that literary creativity in a polyglossic context may present to readers and translators. This book provides answers to intriguing questions centering on the problematic of translation in contemporary African literature. It is a contribution to current research aimed at unraveling the conundrum surrounding the language question in African Europhone fiction, particularly the cultural functions of translation in literature. Potential translation problems have to be addressed in order to make African literature written in European languages intelligible to global readership. With the advent of globalization, transcultural communication has become an activity of enormous importance to the international community. It is a subject of great interest to translators, linguists, language instructors, and literary theorists.

An unkind, mean, lonely old man gets a surprise when he reaches the front door of his home on the night before Christmas. As he looks at the door knocker, lit turns into a face - the face of a friend who pas been dead for many years ! This is just the beginning of a long night in which Ebenezer Scrooge talks to pis dead friend, and meets three other ghosts. The first two show him Christmas in the post and the present. The third lets him see what might happen in the future. Find out what Scrooge saw, and whether or not lit made him change his ways.

Le 24 juin 1923, le trois-mâts goélette Marité est béni par l'abbé Lecadre au port de Fécamp. Les 24 et 25 juin 2023, le dernier terre-neuvier français fête son centenaire dans le port de Granville. Au départ, Marité est un dundee harenguier, une refonte du navire est nécessaire pour le tranformer en terre-neuvier, en trois-mâts conçu afin d'embarquer 24 hommes et une douzaine de doris. Marité a pratiqué la pêche à la morue sur les bans de Terre-Neuve de 1924 à 1929 au cours de cinq campagnes, ramenant pour chacune d'elles entre 100 et 160 tonnes de morues. On 24 june 1923, the three-masted schooner Marité was blessed by abbé Lecadre in the port of Fécamp. On 24 and 25 June 2023, the last French Newfoundlander will celebrate her centenary in the port of Granville. Initially, Marité was a herring dundee, but the ship had to be refitted to transform her into a three-masted terre-neuvier designed to carry 24 men and a dozen dories. Marité fished for cod on the banks of Newfounland from 1924 to 1929 during five campaigns, bringing in between 100 to 160 tonnes of cod each.

With its bounty of wildflower meadows, bubbling hot springs and mountains that beg to be climbed, Tajikistan is an outdoor lover's wonderland. Its high plateaus and unforgiving peaks harbour a bewildering array of flora and fauna, including the famed Marco Polo sheep and even rarer snow leopard. But its history and culture are just as rich as its landscape, home to Silk Road forts, a Sleeping Buddha and the last speakers of the Sogdian language, not to mention ancient Panjakent - cited by many as "the Pompeii of central Asia". Comprehensively updated for this third edition and now in ful colour, Bradt's Tajikistan is packed with practical advice and local detail, making it an essential handbook for any visitor.

Editor's Choice Nobel Committee of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the 11th Chinese author Mo Yan 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature. The Commission said that Mo Yan combination of reality and fantasy. historical and social perspective. He created the world reminiscent of the works of Faulkner and Marquez fusion while to find a point of departure in traditional Chinese literature and oral literature. Summary Pu Songling's hometown Zibo and Mo Yan's hometown density very close from. Mo Yan is to listen to the story of Purkinje child grew up. Pu Songling fantasy style to Mo Yan's fiction writing brought a very big impact. but also achievements in the magical style of Mo Yan. Learn Pu Songling is selected from the group consisting of Mo Yan two more than thirty ghost stories. ghost legend. and some weird God God Buddies ghost novels. with high-density the flapping gray Year pictures unique. to bring people look good. magical shock strong visual impact. Mo Yan (1955 catalog learning Pu Songling adventure night fishing genius good doctor iron child flying odor tribe carpenter the dog sandals scenting sub sins the the airship Zaomu stool motorcycle the three horses hype gale five pastry dry river Baekgu Swing frame of February 17 -). formerly known as tube mo. born in Gaomi County. famous contemporary Chinese writers. Honorary Doctor of the Open University of Hong Kong. visiting professor at Qingdao University of Science and Technology. His rise since the mid-1980s to a series of local works. filled with nostalgia and blame Township complex emotional. are classified as Seeking literary writers. The works are influenced by magic realism. to write out a legend in the of Gaomi northeast Township. Mo Yan subjective feeling of the world in his novel structure unique to dream-like narrative. unfamiliar process. shaping the mysterious transcendental object world. with Pioneer color. In August 2011. Mo Yan With novel frog was the eighth Mao Dun. October 11. 2012. won the Nobel Prize for Literature.

For the first time this work traces the evolution of Carl Zuckmayer's major women characters from early spontaneous figures to increasingly complex and emancipated personalities. A close analysis of these women defines their importance as exponents of key concepts in Zuckmayer's world view expressed in his essays, autobiographies, and fiction.

Cet ouvrage offre un aperçu unique du processus de conception de 21 passerelles piétonnes et cyclistes. Contexte physique et historique, contraintes techniques, écologiques et économique ; culture, processus, sont quelques-uns des mots clés qui rendent chaque projet unique. L'auteur de projet, l'architecte et l'ingénieur Laurent Ney, révèle la complexité qui caractérise chaque conception d'ouvrage d'art et explique comment, grâce à une vision intégrée de l'architecture et de l'ingénierie, on peut aboutir à des objets qui s'insèrent de manière significative dans nos traditions. This book offers a unique insight into the design process behind 21 footbridges. Physical and historical context, technical constraints, ecology and economy, culture and process are some of the key notions that underlie each unique project. The designer, architect and engineer Laurent Ney reveals the complexity that characterizes each structure and how, through an integrated vision of architecture and engineering, we can achieve objects that fit significantly into our tradition.

Carla déteste la routine et change de vie tous les six mois. Nouvelle maison, nouveaux amis, nouveaux collègues, rien ne reste mais rien ne part vraiment. Elle n'oublie aucun lieu ni aucune âme. Partout où elle passe, elle raconte des histoires nourries de sa riche expérience. Carla est douée mais paresseuse. Alors elle a mis au point une technique infaillible. Régulièrement, elle fait des promesses à son entourage et comme elle est très fière, elle arrive toujours à les tenir. Carla hates routine and changes her life every six months. A new house, new friends, new colleagues, nothing stays the same but then nothing is really left behind either. She doesn't forget any of the places or people she has known. Wherever she goes, she tells stories based on her rich experience. Carla is gifted but somewhat lazy, so she has developed a technique that never fails. She regularly makes promises to those around her, that, because of her pride in herself, she always somehow manages to keep. Ouvrage de fiction conçu, annoté et commenté avec le concours de collaborateurs d'une entreprise de logistique. This is a work of fiction designed, annotated and commented with the contribution of supply chain professionals.

Catherine BERNARD Writing Capital, or, John Lanchester's Debt to Realism John Lanchester's fourth novel Capital (2012) offers a scathing, satirical denun- ciation of the excesses of capitalism, commodity fetishism and globalisation. The choral structure of the novel also allows the text to function as a world-novel, embracing as it does the criss-crossing lives of protagonists, each embodying a facet of a ramifed present. Reworking the basic principles of realistic representation, it appropriates the language of materialism to bring it to work paradoxically against the reifcation of affects and identity. With Capital, the "credit crunch" novel claims a different form of accountability that emerges through the very "stuff" of fiction. Le quatrième roman de John Lanchester, Capital (2012), offre un portrait satirique des excès du capitalisme, du fétichisme de la marchandise et de la globalisation. La structure chorale du roman transforme aussi le texte en roman-monde. Il embrasse les vies interdépendantes de protagonistes qui, chacun, incarnent une facette d'un présent densément ramifé. Retravaillant les principes de base du réalisme, le roman s'approprie le langage du matérialisme pour l'amener à oeuvrer contre la réifcation des affects et de l'identité. Avec Capital, le roman "de la crise" ("credit crunch fiction") revendique une forme de responsabilité qui s'incarne dans la matière même de la fiction. Vanessa GUIGNERY The Way We Live Now : Jonathan Coe's Re-evaluation of Political Satire This paper examines Jonathan Coe's oeuvre to discuss the evolution of his modes of portraying contemporary Britain. While Coe is well known for his satirical state-of- the-nation novels and for his commitment to political fiction, his recent essays reveal his misgivings about the effectiveness of political satire and Condition-of- England novels in the new millennium. This paper will navigate between Coe's fiction and non-fiction to examine the forms political engagement may take in the contemporary British novel. Cet article parcourt l'oeuvre de Jonathan Coe afin d'analyser l'évolution de ses modes de représentation de la Grande-Bretagne contemporaine. Coe est connu pour ses romans satiriques qui offrent un "état de la nation" et pour son attache- ment à la fiction politique, mais ses essais récents révèlent ses doutes quant à l'efficacité de la satire politique et de romans qui décrivent la condition de l'Angleterre à l'heure du nouveau millénaire. Cet article naviguera entre les écrits fictionnels et non-fictionnels de Coe pour envisager les formes que peut prendre l'engagement politique dans le roman britannique contemporain. Jean-Michel GANTEAU Vistas of the Humble : Jon McGregor's Fiction Jon McGregor's novels are characterised by a constant attention to detail and to the ordinary. They address the realities of individual, social and anthropological vul- nerability through narratives whose frail form countermands any attempt at abstraction and totalisation. In this article, I evoke the forms and modalities of vulnerability through the prism of the characters' and narratives' dependence on trauma, of systematic relationality and of attention to singularities. By throwing light on invisibilities and by giving voice to the inarticulate, McGregor writes ethical and political novels and uses the position of the precarious witness to contribute to the creation of some narrative democracy whose purpose, in Guillaume Le Blanc's terms, is to enlarge our sense of the common. Les romans de Jon McGregor se donnent pour tâche une attention permanente aux détails et à l'ordinaire. Ils s'ordonnent ainsi à l'évocation de la vulnérabilité indivi- duelle, sociale et anthropologique à travers des récits dont la forme vulnérable refuse toute totalisation. Les modalités et visages de la vulnérabilité sont ici évoqués à travers les motifs de la dépendance au trauma, de la mise en relation systématique, et de l'attention aux singularités. En mettant en lumière l'invisible et les invisibles, et en redonnant voix aux inaudibles, Jon McGregor fait oeuvre éthique et politique : il se pose en témoin précaire et contribue à l'élaboration d'une démocratie narrative dont le but est, selon les termes de Guillaume Le Blanc, de "créer du commun" . Peter CHILDS Food Chain : Predatory Links in the Novels of David Mitchell Humans are for David Mitchell predatory animals, whatever their civilized com- plexity. His novels contain numerous examples of individuals and groups who would oppress others in the name of logic, desire, morality, technology, survival or sheer force of will. That people prey on animals, resources and other human beings is only one dimension to Mitchell's fictional world but it is consistent and stark, from the cannibals that appear in Cloud Atlas and The Thousand Autumns of Jacob de Zoet through the warring factions in number9dream to the more fantasti- cal parasitic predators of Ghostwritten and The Bone Clocks. In this essay, I review aspects to this theme while analysing Mitchell's fictional world, which increasingly seems to be governed by interlinkages not only within narratives but metaleptically across them. David Mitchell considère les êtres humains comme des prédateurs, quel que soit leur degré de civilisation. Ses romans comportent de nombreux exemples d'individus et de groupes qui oppriment autrui en invoquant pour cela la logique, le désir, la morale, la technologie, l'instinct de survie ou leur volonté de puissance. Le fait que des hommes s'en prennent à des animaux, à des ressources naturelles ou à d'autres êtres humains n'est qu'un des aspects de l'univers fictionnel de Mitchell, mais il s'agit là d'une dimension structurante, à l'origine de la noirceur de l'oeuvre dans son ensemble - des cannibales de Cloud Atlas et The Thousand Autumns of Jacob de Zoet aux prédateurs parasites de type plus fantastique dans Ghostwritten et The Bone Clocks en passant par les factions en guerre dans number9dream. Cet article recense plusieurs composantes de ce motif récurrent dans la fiction de Mitchell, laquelle paraît de plus en plus fortement régie par des liens se tissant non seulement de manière interne aux différents récits, mais aussi de manière externe entre les récits eux-mêmes, sur un mode métaleptique. Marc POREE "What if ?" : The Speculative Turn of Will Self's Fiction "Et si ?" Révélant de lui-même les extravagantes hypothèses de travail dont il aime à procéder, Will Self est friand de spéculation. Une spéculation de type "métaphysique" , rejoignant celle des poètes de la première moitié du dix-septième siècle (cloués au pilori par Johnson avant que d'être réhabilités par T. S. Eliot). Une spéculation, dont le caractère cérébral s'accommode pourtant d'une volonté de faire que le roman s'incorpore et digère ce qui ne relève a priori pas de lui (les sciences, la pensée). Une spéculation, enfin, qui procède à rebours de l'évolution du lectorat et de la technologie, en oeuvrant à renouer avec un mécanisme de "sensibilité unifiée" que Self sait être anachronique, mais qui pose, à nouveaux frais, la question de la nécessaire difficulté en art. "What if ?" Never wary of unveiling the fantastical conceits which he is wont to proceed from, Will Self is (over)fond of speculation. A speculation that is meta- physical in kind, related to that implemented by the poets of the first half of the seventeeenth century (vilified by Johnson before being rehabilitated by T. S. Eliot). A speculation, the cerebral nature of which is found to be more than compatible with the processes of incorporation and digestion, at the hands of the novel, of all that is allegedly foreign to it (the sciences, thought). A speculation, lastly, bent on restoring a mechanism of "unified sensibility" which Self knows to be anachronis- tic, given the average reader's pursuits, but which offers a fresh take on the neces- sary difficulty of art. Camille MANFREDI Tales from the Pigeon-Hole : James Kelman's Migrant Voices This article offers to dwell on James Kelman's concerns with liminality and cultural identity by outlining the dynamics of displacement, dislocation and relocation in his recent novels You Have to be Careful in the Land of the Free (2004), Kieron Smith, Boy (2008) and Mo Said She Was Quirky (2012). While paying attention to Kelman's interest in the potential for subversion of the in-between, the article anal- yses the narrators' strategies of self-preservation and self-transformation with a view to better understand Kelman's own perception of the predicament of the contemporary Scottish writer in the postcolonial and global contexts. Cet article se propose d'éclairer le traitement des motifs de la liminalité et de l'identité culturelle à travers les dynamiques de décentrement, dislocation et délocalisa- tion dans les récents romans de James Kelman, You Have to be Careful in the Land of the Free (2004), Kieron Smith, Boy (2008) et Mo Said She Was Quirky (2012). En gardant à l'esprit l'intérêt de Kelman pour le potentiel subversif de l'entre-deux, cet article analyse les stratégies de préservation et de transformation de soi développées par les narrateurs. Elles permettront d'éclairer la tâche qui, selon Kelman, revient à l'auteur écossais contemporain dans le contexte à la fois du postcolonial et de nos sociétés mondialisées. Christian GUTLEBEN Whither Postmodernism ? Four Tentative Neo-Victorian Answers This paper sets out to examine in what ways recent neo-Victorian fiction illustrates twenty-first-century fiction's quest for new novelistic possibilities. On the basis of David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas (2004), Andrea Levy's The Long Song (2010), Michel Faber's The Crimson Petal and the White (2002) and Rosie Garland's The Palace of Curiosities (2013), it will be argued that neo-Victorianism broadens the scope of postmodernism by conceiving a cosmopoetics in which a referential and an aesthetic globalisation are combined, by imagining alternative forms of fictional historiography, by challenging various forms of orthodoxy and by questioning the limits of the human. Although it suggests evolutions and variations in relation to late twentieth-century historiographic metafiction, the novel of the new millennium nevertheless cannot be said to forsake postmodernism. Cet article se propose d'examiner dans quelle mesure la fiction néo-victorienne récente illustre la tentative de la fiction du vingt-et-unième siècle d'explorer de nouvelles possibilités romanesques. En prenant comme exemples Cloud Atlas de David Mitchell (2004), The Long Song d'Andrea Levy (2010), The Crimson Petal and the White de Michel Faber (2002) et The Palace of Curiosities de Rosie Garland (2013), nous soutiendrons que le néo-victorianisme élargit le spectre du postmodernisme en concevant une cosmopoétique où se mêlent référentialité et esthétique mondialisées, en imaginant d'autres formes d'historiographie fictionnelle, en remettant en cause diverses formes d'orthodoxie et en s'interrogeant sur les limites de l'humain. Bien que le roman du nouveau millénaire suggère des variations et des évolutions par rapport à la métafiction historiographique de la fin du vingtième siècle, on ne peut cependant pas considérer qu'il renonce au postmodernisme.

From Rio to Red Square, Mike Mower's Musical Postcards features ten captivating pieces in different musical styles from around the world. Experience the thrill of Puerto Rican salsa, the magic of an Irish reel, the romance of French café music, and much more ... Available in editions for alto saxophone, flute, clarinet, trumpet and violin, each book contains melody lines with chord symbols to aid improvisation. Every piece is brought to life with a postcard of essential background information and playing tips. A book of keyboard accompaniments is available separately. Spectacular and authentic audio performances and backing tracks of every piece played by bands and musicians from all ten countries are available online. A professional musician for 40 years, Mike Mower has played in orchestras, big bands, chamber ensembles, shows, jazz bands, and recording sessions around the world in classical, jazz, Latin, and rock styles on flutes, saxophones, and clarinets. He has written concertos for international solo artists and orchestras and concert music for ensembles of all sizes - in addition to composing, arranging, and producing TV themes and commercial music albums. His fun but challenging educational music has been enjoyed by a generation of younger players. The Musical Postcards and Junior Musical Postcards series (with accompaniment by some international recording artists too famous to mention ! ) celebrates authentic music genres from all over the globe. Instrumentation : alto saxophone

The development of psychotherapy manuals may be critical to modern comparative psychotherapy research and the training of therapists. Based on this assumption, four manuals were comparatively analysed according to structural design and content. Furthermore, an empirical study compared how a sample of inexperienced versus experienced therapists (American and German), evaluated the four manuals. Finally, based on these analyses, a generic model for psychotherapy manuals is presented. Since the four manuals studied cover supportive-expressive psychoanalytic therapy, time-limited psychodynamic therapy, interpersonal therapy for depression, and cognitive therapy for depression, this work also provides an overview of how varying approaches can be presented in manual form.

Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos has served as a judge of the European Court of Human Rights since 2011. He served as President of Section, Vice-President of the Court and was elected President of the Court in May 2019 and served until May 2020. On the occasion of the end of his mandate as President, his colleagues, friends and collaborators wish to honour him and in particular recognise his impressive achievements in the cause of human rights. The theme chosen to honour Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos revolves around the notion of a fair trial, a concept which is examined both from a regional and international perspective. The publication, whilst open to new horizons and developments, covers topics that are directly related to principles that are considered fundamental in a democratic society, in particular the rule of law, as reflected in the right to a fair trial and access to court. The existence of independent and impartial courts has always been a focal point in the judicial philosophy of Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos as an international law scholar and a human rights judge. The book is a testimony to the enduring spirit and energy of the dedicatee. // Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos a exercé les fonctions de juge à la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme à partir de 2011. Il a servi comme Président de Section, Vice-Président de la Cour, puis a été élu Président de la Cour en mai 2019, et ce jusqu'à mai 2020. A l'occasion de la fin de son mandat comme Président, ses collègues, amis et collaborateurs souhaitent lui rendre hommage et lui exprimer leur reconnaissance pour ses réussites remarquables pour la cause des droits de l'homme. Les Mélanges en l'honneur de Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos portent sur la thématique du procès équitable, cette notion étant examinée dans ses perspectives régionales et internationales. Cet ouvrage, tout en étant ouvert à un éventail d'horizons et de matières, traite de sujets en rapport direct avec des principes qui occupent une place prééminente dans une société démocratique, notamment l'état de droit, tel que reflété dans le droit au procès équitable et le droit d'accès à un tribunal. L'existence de tribunaux indépendants et impartiaux a toujours été le point central de la philosophie judiciaire de Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos, tant comme académique du droit international que comme juge des droits de l'homme. Ces Mélanges constituent le témoignage de l'énergie et de l'esprit de celui auquel ils sont dédiés.

Pierre Jean BRUNEL : Oti et dioti. Les enjeux métaphysiques de l'éthique aristotélicienne dans Woldemar de Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi While Aristotle's authority is being challenged by modern philosophy, Jacobi quotes from his Nicomachean Ethics in Woldemar. Daniel Jenisch's edition of the Aristotle Ethics proves to be a major source for the understanding of the novel's "philosophical intent" . What is the significance of such a philosophical revival of Aristotle as the result of the novel ?? To what extent does the variance between the "commercial society" and the ancient doctrine of virtue throw light upon ethical and metaphysical stakes ?? How does the novel handle the philosophical question of immediate knowledge ?? The reading of Nicomachean Ethics does provide us with a model of conversion for the crisis of the modern subject. Während die Autorität des Aristoteles von der modernen Philosophie in Frage gestellt wird, bezieht sich Jacobi in Woldemar auf die Nikomachische Ethik. Daniel Jenischs Übersetzung (1791) stellt eine wichtige Quelle dar, um die "philosophische Absicht" dieses Romanes zu verstehen. Was bedeutet diese Rückkehr des Aristoteles dank des Romans ?? Inwieweit hat der Konflikt zwischen der modernen commercial society und der alten Tugendlehre eine ethische und metaphysische Tragweite ?? Wie wird die philosophische Frage nach der unmittelbaren Erkenntnis im Roman behandelt ?? Bedeutet die Lektüre der Ethik ein Bekehrungsmodell für die Krise des modernen Subjektes ?? Ives Radrizzani : La Destination de l'homme - la réponse de Fichte à la Lettre ouverte de Jacobi ?? The Vocation of Man is Fichte's response to Jacobi. Fichte follows a double strategy : he provides us with his system of defense against the accusations made to the Doctrine of Science in the Letter to Fichte (subjectivism, solipsism, nihilism), on the other part, he tries to build a link to the non-knowledge of Jacobi. With the ternary structure of the work, Fichte shows its commitment to the position that was already his at the time of the Quarrel of pantheism : he still holds necessary a mediation of Knowledge between Doubt and Faith and doesn't agree the Jacobian salto mortale. But the Knowledge and the Faith staged in the last two books of the work are precisely calibrated to demonstrate to Jacobi their agreement in these two areas. The reaction of Jacobi shows the discrepancy between the expectations of Fichte and the result. Die Bestimmung des Menschen bringt Fichtes Antwort auf Jacobi. Fichte verfolgt zwei Ziele : es gilt auf der einen Seite für ihn, sein Verteidigungssystem gegen die im Brief an Fichte entgegen der Wissenschaftslehre geäußerten Anschuldigungen (Subjektivismus, Solipsismus, Nihilismus) darzustellen, auf der anderen Seite einen Übergang zum jacobischen Nichtwissen zu ermitteln. Mit der dreiteiligen Struktur der Schrift zeigt Fichte, daß er der Position, die er schon beim Pantheismusstreit vertrat, treu bleibt : er hält eine Vermittlung durch das Wissen zwischen dem Zweifel und dem Glauben für notwendig und setzt sich dem jacobischen salto mortale entgegen. Aber die in den zwei letzten Büchern der Schrift inszenierten Wissen und Glaube sind genau darauf abgezielt, um Jacobi ihre Übereinstimmung in jenen zwei Bereichen unter Beweis zu stellen. Jacobis Reaktion zeigt die ganze Diskrepanz zwischen Fichtes Erwartungen und dem Ergebnis. Patrick Cerutti : Naître à l'existence "Je me souviens de cet instant plein de joie et de trouble, où je sentis pour la première fois ma singulière existence" . This paper traces the historical evolution of a metaphor, the one of awakening or birth to being, as it appears in Buffon's, then Rousseau's, Jean Paul's and Jacobi's works. Jacobi, after many modifications of meaning, bases his whole conception of a feeling of existence on it, since it depends on the spirit rather than the senses. "Je me souviens de cet instant plein de joie et de trouble, où je sentis pour la première fois ma singulière existence" . Der vorliegende Artikel gibt die Geschichte der Metapher des Erweckens oder der Geburt zur Existenz wieder, wie sie in Werken Buffons, dann Rousseaus, Jean Pauls und Jacobis erscheint. Durch manche Bedeutungsveränderungen baut Jacobi auf diesem Bild seine ganze Konzeption des Gefühls der Existenz auf, insofern als sie eher von einem Gefühl des Geistes als von der Empfindung abhängt. Alain muzelle : Friedrich Schlegel lecteur critique de Jacobi Jacobis Woldemar is a review Friedrich Schlegel wrote in 1796 from the final version of the novel. With this work, the young writer inaugurates the series of his "Charakteristiken" . Under the influence of Fichte's philosophy, he develops a new form of criticism, a genetic method that explains the poetic works from the point of view of their progressive construction, on the basis that "one can understand a book or a mind only through reconstructing its internal dynamics" . After having showed the weakness of the plot and portrayed Woldemar as a vulgar and selfish immoralist, he refuses to acknowledge the work any specifically philosophical value, arguing that he cannot succeed in finding any consistency in the course of the argument. Finally, the profound unity of the book is to be found, for Schlegel, in the individuality of its creator, whom he defines as a "mystical sophist" . Mit Jacobis Woldemar, einer Rezension, die Friedrich Schlegel 1796 über die endgültige Fassung dieses Romans verfasst, entsteht die erste seiner Charakteristiken. Unter dem Einfluß von Fichtes Philosophie entwickelt Schlegel eine neue Art von Kritik, eine genetische Methode, welche die poetischen Werke aus ihrem Werden erklärt, da man erst "ein Werk, einen Geist [versteht], wenn man den Gang und Gliederbau nachkonstruieren kann". Nachdem er auf die innere Brüchigkeit der Romanhandlung hingewiesen und von der Titelgestalt das Porträt eines immoralistischen groben Egoisten entworfen hat, was ihn dazu führt, Jacobis ethische Lehre in Frage zu stellen, spricht er dem Werk jegliche echt philosophische Dimension ab, da es ihm an einer Kontinuität der philosophischen Gedankenführung fehle. Schlegel erkennt schließlich die eigentliche Grundeinheit des Romans in der Persönlichkeit des Schriftstellers selbst, den er als einen mystischen Sophisten definiert. Sylvie LE MOËL : La traduction française de Woldemar, "roman philosophique et sentimental" - une médiation avortée ?? This study proposes to reassess the only translation in French of the novel Woldemar, published soon after it appeared in Germany but which quickly sank into oblivion. As the first attempt of Franco-German mediation by the publicist Charles Vandenbourg, who, at the time, had emigrated to Germany, it represents an enlightening example of the philological and philosophical stakes specific to the Franco-German intellectual transfer around the 1800s. The current article analyses the initial conditions and the publishing modes of the transfer, the translation strategy of Charles Vandenbourg as well as the revealing role played by the text in resetting the intellectual fields under the Directoire. Although it was a failure, this translation lead up to the penetration of Jacobi's philosophy in France, in a context of the philosophical debates opposing the Idealists and the Ideologists, later echoed by Madame de Staël. Vorliegender Beitrag untersucht die einzige französische Übersetzung von Jacobis Roman Woldemar, die zwar kurz nach der deutschen Originalfassung erschien, dafür aber schnell in Vergessenheit geriet. Als erster Versuch deutsch-französischer Vermittlung durch den nach Deutschland emigrierten französischen Publizisten Charles Vanderbourg stellt sie ein einleuchtendes Beispiel für den philologischen und philosophischen deutsch-französischen Transfer um 1800 dar. Die Studie befasst sich mit den Ausgangsbedingungen und den verlegerischen Modi des Transfers sowie mit Vanderbourgs Übersetzungsstrategien, wobei der französische Text die Neugestaltung des französischen intellektuellen Feldes zur Zeit des Direktoriums erkennen lässt. Dieser scheinbar gescheiterte Transfer nimmt also doch die Einführung von Jacobis Philosophie in Frankreich vorweg, und zwar im Kontext von Debatten zwischen Idealisten und Ideologen, an die Madame de Staël kurz darauf anknüpft. Norbert WASZEK : La référence à Adam Ferguson dans Woldemar de Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi At the centre of this article is an analysis of the presence of Adam Ferguson, a leading member of the Scottish Enlightenment, in Jacobi's philosophical "novel" Woldemar. Although often neglected by Jacobi scholarship, Ferguson is mentioned and quoted approvingly on several occasions in Woldemar, and his implicit impact might reach even further. Initially, the ground for such an analysis is prepared by recalling the empirical evidence for Jacobi's reading of Ferguson as is to be found in the catalogue of his personal library and in his voluminous correspondence. Then, standing back from details of the reception, the wider question is opened, whether an appropriate appreciation of Jacobi's indebtedness to Ferguson might contribute to a correction of certain older images and clichés of Jacobi's thought. Der Beitrag geht einem noch zu wenig beachteten Bezugspunkt von Jacobis Woldemar nach, dem schottischen Philosophen Adam Ferguson, welcher in Jacobis Buch mehrfach ausdrücklich und zustimmend erwähnt und zitiert wird und dessen Einfluss implizit vermutlich noch weiter reicht. Vor dieser zentralen Analyse werden einleitend noch weitere Belege für Jacobis Beschäftigung mit Ferguson aus seinem Briefwechsel und seinen Bibliotheksbeständen vorgestellt und eine kurze Charakterisierung von Fergusons Werk geboten. Ein Ausblick nimmt ein wenig Abstand von den Einzelheiten der Rezeption und eröffnet die weiterführende Frage, ob eine angemessene Würdigung seiner Lektüre von Ferguson dazu beitragen kann, noch immer verbreitete Klischees über Jacobis Denken zu korrigieren. Niall Bond : Ferdinand Tönnies und seine Wechselwirkungen mit der französischsprachigen Welt Research on the institutional establishment of sociology in Europe has for the most part ignored exchanges between the earliest leading French and German sociologists. Yet our research in Ferdinand Tönnies' estate in Kiel has shown us that there were fruitful exchanges and mutual effects between Tönnies and Emile Durkheim, René Worms, Gabriel Tarde and other French-speaking sociologists and philosophers. At the same time, constructions and representations of national traits were obstacles to the fluid transfer of scientific interests and knowledge even across the borders of Europe. This becomes particularly clear when we read Tönnies' and Durkheim's writings during the Great War. Nevertheless, the transposing of Tönnies, who had resisted National Socialism, to other cultural contexts such as the French-speaking world made it possible to deal with his thought in a more neutral and objective fashion than was possible in post-war Germany, which had been traumatised by the recuperation of the term "Volksgemeinschaft" by the Nazis. Dans une grande mesure, la recherche sur la mise en place institutionnelle de la sociologie en Europe a fait jusqu'alors abstraction des échanges entre les premiers sociologues français et allemands. En puisant dans les archives de Ferdinand Tönnies à Kiel, nous constatons toutefois des échanges fructueux et des actions réciproques entre Tönnies et Emile Durkheim, René Worms, Gabriel Tarde et d'autres sociologues et philosophes de langue française. En même temps, les constructions et les représentations de traits nationaux représentaient autant d'obstacles à un passage fluide d'interrogations scientifiques et de savoirs même à travers les frontières de l'Europe. Cela devient surtout clair à la lumière des écrits de Tönnies et de Durkheim sous l'influence de la Grande Guerre. Cependant la transposition de Tönnies, résistant au nazisme, à d'autres aires culturelles comme l'aire francophone a permis un traitement davantage neutre et objectif que celui qui a été possible dans une culture allemande de l'après-guerre traumatisée par l'exploitation du terme de "Volksgemeinschaft" par les nazis. Sonja VANDERLINDEN : Journal fictif, vie romancée, roman, mémoires, confession. Le cas de Tine of de dalen waar het leven woont (1987) de Nelleke Noordervliet The central theme of this contribution is the interaction between fiction and reality in Noordervliet's novel about Multatuli's wife. Speaking is Everdine van Wijnbergen during the last months of her life ?; in a fictional diary she looks back on episodes out of her whole life, with or without Douwes Dekker at her side. This fictional (auto)biography of a historical person is also a confession, an introspection, a self-examination. In this novel three "Tines" appear side by side : the real Everdine, Multatuli's and Max Havelaar's idealized Tine, and Noordervliet's Tine. Nelleke Noordervliet gives a voice to this writer's wife ?; she brings her out of the shadows and offers a nuanced and complex image of her personality. De rode draad in deze bijdrage is het spel met fictie en realiteit in Noordervliets roman over de vrouw van Multatuli. De auteur laat Everdine van Wijnbergen aan het woord tijdens haar laatste levensmaanden ?; in een fictief dagboek kijkt zij terug op episodes uit haar gehele leven, met of zonder Douwes Dekker aan haar zij. Deze fictieve (auto)biografie van een historisch personage is tegelijkertijd ook een biecht, een introspectie, een gewetensonderzoek. In deze roman komen drie "Tines" naast elkaar te staan : de werkelijke Everdine, de geïdealiseerde Tine van Multatuli en van Max Havelaar, en de Tine van Noordervliet. Nelleke Noordervliet geeft een stem aan deze schrijversvrouw, haalt haar uit de schaduw en biedt een genuanceerd en complex beeld van haar persoonlijkheid.

Dossier Les vies de la science sous le socialisme tardif, 1945-1991 The lives of late Soviet science, 1945-1991 Grégory DUFAUD, Ksenia TATARCHENKO Les vies de la science sous le socialisme tardif, 1945-1991, Introduction Grégory DUFAUD, Ksenia TATARCHENKO The lives of late Soviet science, 1945-1991, Introduction Marc ELIE Tournant dans l'irrigation soviétique : la controverse sur le drainage, 1947-1950 Timm SCHÖNFELDER The good, the bad, and the pochvoved : Viktor Kovda, Soviet soil science, and the agromeliorative complex Jean-Philippe MARTINEZ Trajectoires internationales de physiciens soviétiques : la diplomatie comme compromis avec leurs autorités Sophie COURE East-West scientific collaboration face-to-face with dissidence : The logic of the International Committee of Mathematicians in Defence of Plyushch and Shikhanovich Galina ORLOVA De-mobilized atoms as boundary objects : The short lives of isotopes in the USSR Forum Les statistiques de la Terreur Alessandro STANZIANI Avant-propos Oleg KHLEVNIUK ??? ? ??? ? ??? : ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? Stephen G. WHEATCROFT Towards a more critical understanding of the statistical indicators of Soviet repression and what they tell us Mikhail NAKONECHNYI The devil is in the (statistical) details : Why does the quantitative history of Russian Civil War incarceration still matter in 2021 ? Oleg BUDNITSKII In parentheses : Extrajudicial executions during the Great Patriotic War Varia Mihail POGORELOV ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ?? : ??? ? ?? "? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ?? " , 1928 - 1934 ?? .

Like other plantation societies in the West Indies, Barbadian society was full of those prejudices that were characteristic of the times. Not least of the features of that society was church establishment with its implied - but not enforced - uniformity. The end of slavery did not put an end to these prejudices. It was in such an atmosphere that Methodists sought to establish themselves in this island. This book is an attempt to analyse their experience.

Livre jeunesse illustré, texte bi-lingue Français-Anglais. Le clown Arturo a perdu toutes ses couleurs ! Et il ne fait plus rire les enfants. Il demande alors au lion, mais le lion qui tricote une jolie écharpe de laine bleue ne les a pas vues. Peut être qu'elles sont chez le caméléon ? Et si l'amitié était la plus belle des couleurs ? ---- Illustrated children book, bi-lingual text French-English Arturo the clown had lost all his colors ! And he doesn't make the children laugh anymore... He asks the lion, but the lion who is knitting a pretty scarf of blue wool has not seen them. Maybe they are with the chameleon ? What if friendship was the most beautiful color ?

Sous l'œil des grands photographes, c'est en noir et blanc que se révèle Marseille. Sombres ruelles, profondes comme des canyons, et grands horizons lumineux. La terrasse du bar des Amis accueille ses habitués, les venelles en escaliers retentissent des piaillements et des jeux des minots, le linge sèche aux fenêtres, un soleil du soir lance ses derniers feux sur les façades du Vieux-Port. Cent photographies de légende font revivre un Marseille oublié, en racontent les transformations, captent l'écume des jours… mais immortalisent surtout une âme singulière.     Marseille reveals itself under the watchful gaze of some of the greatest ever photographers. Their black and white stills depict both the city's dark warren of backstreets and its vast, luminous horizons. The terrace of the Bar des Amis welcoming its regulars, the sound of children playing echoes in its little alleyways and stairways, laundry drying in the windows, the last glint of evening sunlight as it streaks across the façades of the Old Port… One hundred legendary photographs relive the memory of "forgotten Marseille" by revealing how the city has changed, capturing the "foam of the days" as Boris Vian would say, and above all by immortalising its exceptional spirit.

Sous l'œil des grands photographes, c'est en noir et blanc que se révèle Marseille. Sombres ruelles, profondes comme des canyons, et grands horizons lumineux. La terrasse du bar des Amis accueille ses habitués, les venelles en escaliers retentissent des piaillements et des jeux des minots, le linge sèche aux fenêtres, un soleil du soir lance ses derniers feux sur les façades du Vieux-Port. Cent photographies de légende font revivre un Marseille oublié, en racontent les transformations, captent l'écume des jours… mais immortalisent surtout une âme singulière.     Marseille reveals itself under the watchful gaze of some of the greatest ever photographers. Their black and white stills depict both the city's dark warren of backstreets and its vast, luminous horizons. The terrace of the Bar des Amis welcoming its regulars, the sound of children playing echoes in its little alleyways and stairways, laundry drying in the windows, the last glint of evening sunlight as it streaks across the façades of the Old Port… One hundred legendary photographs relive the memory of "forgotten Marseille" by revealing how the city has changed, capturing the "foam of the days" as Boris Vian would say, and above all by immortalising its exceptional spirit.

How do actors organize after crisis ? Do they "simply" return to normal ? The post-crisis phase is anything but a linear process. Actors and their practices may be transformed by learning from crises and by implementing the lessons. In this volume, 19 contributors from 7 countries analyse how learning happens after crisis in a dynamic political environment where framings, strategies, discourses, interests and resources interact. Exploring various policy sectors, they ask whether and in what ways organizations in charge of crisis management perform well. Where political responsibility is located ? What changes do lessons trigger at political, organizational and individual levels ? The book answers these questions by addressing issues like blame and responsibility but also the influence of communication, social dynamics and the institutional environment.

Agnès DERAIL-IMBERT Eros et Arès : les enfants de la guerre dans Billy Budd, Sailor de Melville Cette étude se propose de lire Billy Budd, Sailor comme une fable juridique qui dramatise, dans un double contexte de guerre et de mutinerie, le conflit entre la violence d'une innocence exceptionnelle (Billy) et celle du mal absolu (Claggart). L'une et l'autre, hors la loi, recèle une menace insurrectionnelle que la souveraineté politique (celle du capitaine Vere), pour se maintenir, doit réprimer. Le jugement de Vere - l'exécution de Budd -, s'exerçant au nom de la violence légale, met en oeuvre une stratégie qui enrôle la puissance cohésive d'Eros au service de la loi mar- tiale, dans une opération qui vise à naturaliser et à sublimer la violence arbitraire de l'état d'exception. Against a backdrop of war and mutiny, Billy Budd, Sailor can be read as a juridical drama staging the conflict between the exceptional violence of utmost innocence (Billy's) and that of absolute evil (Claggart's). Both infringe the law and both are pregnant with a threat of insurrection which political sovereignty (captain Vere's) must eradicate for the sake of its own integrity. Vere's sentence condemning Budd to death in the name of legal violence partakes of a complex strategy whose aim is to summon Eros's cohesive power in order to buttress martial law and to naturalize and sublimate the arbitrary violence of the state of exception. Michael GILLESPIE The Picture of Dorian Gray as a Postmodern Work Despite the wide range of interpretative approaches to The Picture of Dorian Gray that have appeared since its publication, all seem to assume that a particular set of values or beliefs-traditional Judeo-Christian morality, cultural attitudes, nationa- list dispositions, or queer inclinations-is integral to Wilde's narrative. This essay challenges the value of any metaphysical reading by asserting that the world of The Picture of Dorian Gray is delineated in strictly physical terms and so is best as a Post-Modern work. Through close reading, this essay shows key points in the narrative that highlight the absence of all values and that underscore the view that characters behave according to strictly material considerations. In the end the essay concludes that Wilde presents a world as grim and bleak as anything found in the works of Samuel Beckett. Malgré les nombreuses interprétations dont a fait l'objet The Picture of Dorian Gray depuis sa publication, tous les critiques semblent penser qu'un ensemble de valeurs ou de croyances-qu'il s'agisse de la morale judéo-chrétienne, de positions culturelles, de dispositions nationalistes ou de l'homosexualité-fait partie inté- grante du roman de Wilde. Cet essai remet en question la pertinence de toute lec- ture métaphysique en affirmant que le monde de The Picture of Dorian Gray est délimité en termes strictement physiques et que l'on ici affaire plutôt à une oeuvre post-moderne. En se fondant sur une lecture détaillée, cet essai montre que des points-clés dans le récit mettent en évidence l'absence de toute valeur et soulignent l'idée que les personnages se comportent en fonction de considérations purement matérielles. En conclusion, cet article souligne que Wilde donne à voir un monde aussi sombre que celui de Samuel Beckett. Christopher S. NASSAAR Hidden Meanings and the Failure of Art : Wilde's A Woman of No Importance Complexity is the hallmark of Oscar Wilde's mature works. From "Lord Arthur Savile's Crime" through The Picture of Dorian Gray and Salome, there is an incre- dible amount of complexity wherever we look. When we reach A Woman of No Importance, however, the complexity apparently disappears, and the play is usually read as a conventional Victorian melodrama. A deeper look at the play reveals veiled references to Farquhar, Hawthorne, Arbuthnot and Baudelaire. The refe- rences point to a deep hidden meaning in the play. Traced carefully, they reveal Mrs. Arbuthnot as a deeply corrupt woman who is unaware of the dark recesses of evil within herself. Unfortunately, this suppressed undercurrent of meaning is too dee- ply buried and very difficult to detect, which has led people in general to accept the surface meaning as the true one. The play is thus a stylistic failure, although its veiled thematic content is quite profound. La complexité caractérise les oeuvres d'Oscar Wilde, de "Lord Arthur Savile's Crime" jusqu'à The Picture of Dorian Gray et Salome, alors que, dans A Woman of No Importance, celle-ci paraît moins évidente, la pièce étant le plus souvent lue comme un mélodrame victorien conventionnel. Cependant, si on analyse la pièce de plus près, on y décèle des références voilées à Farquhar, Hawthorne, Arbuthnot et Baudelaire. Celles-ci soulignent qu'il y a dans la pièce un sens caché, et une analyse détaillée révèle que Mrs Arbuthnot est en fait une femme corrompue et inconsciente du mal tapi en elle. Malheureusement, parce que celui-ci est profondément enfoui, on s'en est souvent tenu à une lecture superficielle de la pièce. Celle-ci est donc, en un sens, un échec stylistique en dépit de sa profondeur thématique. Nathalie SAUDO-WELBY Narratorial authority in Sarah Grand's Beth Book (1897) The Beth Book, a partly autobiographical narrative, is a feminist Bildungsroman told in the third person. Historical, religious and scientifc discourses combine to give authority to the narrator's vision of Beth, so that the narrator is fnally in a position to award Beth the title of female genius. Yet, very little is said of the con- tent of Beth's "art for man's sake ;" the title and the content of her non-fction book are not described ; and the novel's last words are the name of her "Knight, " a writer who believes in woman's genius to reveal man's own. Avoiding the most direct form of didacticism, Sarah Grand has shifted the emphasis away from Beth's message to women to the narrator's work of authorizing Beth to progress to her position of public speaker. In the process, this narrator is given a historical consciousness and a sex. The Beth Book est un roman d'apprentissage féministe au contenu en partie auto- biographique. Fondant son autorité sur une analyse historique et un discours reli- gieux et scientifque, l'instance narrative fnit par octroyer à Beth le titre de génie féminin. Pourtant, un vide entoure le contenu de "l'art pour l'homme" de Beth ; de son ouvrage, on ne sait ni le titre ni le contenu mais seulement qu'il ne s'agit pas de fction ; les derniers mots du roman sont le nom de son "Chevalier" , un écri- vain qui croit que le génie des femmes consiste à susciter celui des hommes. Tout en évitant les formes de didactisme les plus directes, Sarah Grand a placé au centre de son roman engagé la tâche de la narratrice omnisciente qui va faire progresser Beth en position d'orateur de génie. Au cours de ce processus, la narratrice acquiert une conscience historique et un sexe. Pierre LONGUENESSE Yeats et le mélange des genres : du texte à la scène Dans le projet de "théâtre de l'imagination" formulé par Yeats dès 1890, le Verbe poétique est porteur d'un pouvoir visionnaire, par la performativité de son énoncia- tion concrète portée par le corps de ce que l'on n'appelle pas encore, avec Georges Banu, un "acteur-poète" . Ce projet fait de l'écriture dramatique un objet multi- forme, où le drame n'a de sens que mis en tension par ce qui le "menace" dans sa pureté générique : la narration, le chant, la danse. ll conduit le dramaturge vers des collaborations audacieuses sur les scènes de ses créations, entre musiciens, compo- siteurs, et danseurs. En somme, loin de "menacer" son théâtre, ces figures d'un "hors-champ" artistique sont ce qui en constitue l'expression par excellence, puisque, par le théâtre, est dévolu au verbe le pouvoir extra-ordinaire de faire sur- gir, par sa physicalité propre, aussi bien le souffle du chant que le rythme du corps dansant. In the "Theatre of Imagination" conceived by Yeats in the 1890s, the poetic Verb is given the power to create visions through the concrete physicality of its uttering by the performing body of what Georges Banu will later call an "acteur-poète". This project transforms dramatic writing process into the creation of a multiform object, in which the issue of the drama is brought out by the tension between oppo- site mediums : theatre on the one hand, singing, dance, tale on the other hand... This exploration involves Yeats in original collaborations on stage with composers, musicians, and dancers. In short, these manifestations of an artistic "hors-champ, " far from threatening the drama, become on the contrary the core of its expression, as a new power is, on stage, devoted to the Verb : the extra-ordinary power to arise the pneuma of singing as well as the rhythm of the dancing body. Anne MOUNIC "To tell and be told" : war poetry as the "transmission of sympathy" War poetry raises a paradox : the destructive collective imposition which weighed upon each soldier during the Great War triggered off new individual awareness and led to a questioning of the values that had prevailed until then, and notably idealis- tic philosophy. Discussing the paradox, we shall oppose tragedy and the individual epic, catharsis and empathy, the choice of death and the choice of life. The Great War writings will be placed in their literary and philosophical context, before and after. La poésie de guerre soulève un paradoxe : la contrainte collective de destruction qui pesa sur chaque soldat durant la Grande Guerre suscita une nouvelle conscience singulière, menant à un questionnement des valeurs et, notamment, de la philoso- phie idéaliste. Discutant ce paradoxe, nous opposerons la tragédie à l'épopée indi- viduelle, la catharsis à l'empathie, le choix de la mort à celui de la vie. Les écrits de la Grande Guerre seront placés dans leur contexte littéraire et philosophique, avant et après. Olivier HERCEND Cinema, the mind and the reader in Virginia Woolf's The Mark On the Wall Taking up David Trotter's Cinema and Modernism, this article emphasises the strong links that exist between Virginia Woolf's thoughts on cinema and the new techniques and notions that she develops in "The Mark on the Wall. " Indeed, her depiction of the mind's process fosters the image of a fragmented world, a succes- sion of images that come under no authoritative order or meaning : a mere mon- tage. But cinema also contains the promise of an artistic answer to the fragmentation of the modern condition. Through a renewal of textual co-operation, Woolf opens her reader to the possibilities of what I choose to call an "aesthetics of juxtaposi- tion. " Reprenant les idées exprimées dans Cinema and Modernism, de David Trotter, cet article relie la pensée de Virginia Woolf sur le cinéma aux techniques et aux notions nouvelles qu'elle développe dans "The Mark on the Wall" . De fait, en tentant de décrire le fonctionnement de l'esprit, elle fait naître l'image d'un monde fragmenté, une succession d'images qui ne tombent sous l'autorité d'aucun ordre ni d'aucune signification essentiels : en un mot, un montage. Mais le cinéma est également la source d'une réponse artistique à la fragmentation de la condition moderne. En renouvelant les modalités de la coopération textuelle, Woolf ouvre son lecteur aux possibilités d'une "esthétique de la juxtaposition" . Antonia RIGAUD Les Europeras de John Cage : de l'opéra au cirque Cet article interroge le rapport ambigu qu'entretint John Cage avec le théâtre tout au long de sa carrière. Influencé très tôt par Artaud et Stein, il ne cesse de faire référence au théâtre et conçoit son art comme une réflexion sur la théâtralité et la notion de performance. Ses Europeras, à la fin de sa carrière, permettent de mettre en avant la manière dont il a cherché à la fois à inscrire ses expérimentations artis- tiques dans le champ théâtral tout en faisant sortir le théâtre des codes mêmes de la scène. La place centrale que Cage donne au théâtre, bien qu'il ne produise que de très rares oeuvres théâtrales, témoigne de son désir de penser le théâtre non pas en tant que médium mais en tant que lieu d'expérimentation. This article addresses John Cage's ambiguous relationship with theatre throughout his career. Influenced early by Artaud and Stein, he often referred to theatre and understood his own art project as a reflection on theatricality and performance. The Europeras, written late in his career, testify to his attempt to associate his artistic experimentation with theater while pushing on the limits of theatre. The prominent position Cage gave to the theatre in contrast to the rarity of his theatrical work pieces is emblematic of his ambition to re-think the theatre as a locus of experimentation.

SHILLOUROKAMBOS Les fouilles du secteur 3 The excavations in sector 3 Après être apparue sur le continent asiatique à partir du Xe millénaire av. n. -è. , la " néolithisation " s'est largement propagée. Le site de Shillourokambos à Chypre fait référence pour comprendre les tout débuts de ce processus de diffusion et la première extension des caractères néolithiques en Méditerranée. Fondé vers le milieu du IXe millénaire av. n. -è. , il a été occupé jusqu'à la fin du VIIIe, soit sur une durée d'environ 1500 ans, couvrant tout le Néolithique pré-céramique B du Levant (PPNB). Les zones fouillées entre 1991 et 2004 par la mission " Néolithisation ", avec l'appui de l'Ecole Française d'Athènes, se présentent en deux parties : l'une, au Nord, dénommée " secteur 1 ", l'autre, au Sud, dite " secteur 3 ". La seconde a été fouillée essentiellement entre 1999 et 2003. C'est cette aire qui est aujourd'hui publiée, là où les vestiges des étapes moyenne et récente de l'occupation étaient les mieux attestés et pouvaient se prêter à une certaine analyse spatiale. Elle permet une étude détaillée des périodes évoluées du site, entre 7600 et 7000 av. n. -è. et une approche de ces moments essentiels dans la formation de la culture qui s'épanouira au VIIe millénaire à Khirokitia. Outre l'introduction de certaines espèces animales (le daim, le mouton et probablement le renard), l'émergence massive de l'élevage ovin et bovin et le développement de l'agriculture au tournant des IXe-VIIIe millénaires, on y repère les mutations techniques dans la construction, les outillages lithiques, osseux ou les productions symboliques. C'est dans ce secteur 3 que fut découverte la plus ancienne preuve connue de la domestication du chat. D'importantes informations concernent les perspectives économiques perçues à partir de l'évolution des faunes et des artéfacts. Est aussi abordé l'état sanitaire des populations de l'établissement. Après la publication du secteur 1 en 2011, la communauté archéologique dispose désormais de l'ensemble des données documentaires issues des fouilles de la mission " Néolithisation " à Shillourokambos. After it appeared on the Asian continent from the 10th millennium BC onwards, Neolithisation spread widely. The site of Shillourokambos in Cyprus is a reference to understand the very beginnings of this diffusion process and the first extension of the Neolithic wave in the Mediterranean. Founded around the middle of the 9th millennium BC, it was occupied until the end of the 8th millennium, i. e. over a period of about 1, 500 years, covering the entire Pre-Pottery Neolithic B of the Levant (PPNB). The areas excavated between 1991 and 2004 by the "Neolithisation' project, with the support of the French School at Athens, are presented in two parts : one, in the north, "sector 1', the other, in the south, "sector 3'. The latter was excavated mainly between 1999 and 2003, and it is this area which is now being published. Here, the remains of the middle and recent phases of occupation were best attested and could lend themselves to spatial analysis, enabling a detailed study of the more recent periods of the site, between 7600 and 7000 BC, and of the essential moments in the formation of the culture that flourished in the 7th millennium in Khirokitia. In addition to the introduction of certain animal species (fallow deer, sheep and probably foxes), the massive emergence of sheep and cattle breeding and the development of agriculture at the turn of the 9th-8th millennia, we can also see technical changes in construction, lithic and bone tools and symbolic productions. It is in sector 3 that the earliest known evidence of cat domestication was discovered. Important information concerns the economic perspectives perceived from the evolution of the fauna and artefacts. The health status of the populations in the establishment is also documented and discussed. After the publication of sector 1 in 2011, the archaeological community now has all the documentary data from the excavations of the "Neolithisation' project in Shillourokambos. Ci-dessus : Figurine de picrolite représentant une souris (longueur = 4, 3 cm). En couverture : Vue générale de la fouille du secteur 3 en 2001.

Cognac defies time, acquires the glow of age, draws strength from maturity. Rémy Martin has embodied this spirit for 300 years. A story of terroir and savoir faire, prestige and humility, daring and perseverance.

Anthony Speelman is the doyen of English art dealers specializing in Dutch Golden Age art. Vividly written and handsomely illustrated, his memoirs offer fascinating insight into the sometimes secretive world of Old Masters. This book will appeal not only to dealers, collectors and others in the fine art world, but also to would-be collectors eager for a glimpse behind the curtain. These memoirs cover a lifetime of dealing in Old Masters at the very highest level. Speelman's career started under the guidance of his father Edward, whose own biography has much to tell. Over the years, Speelman has sold paintings to many of the world's greatest collectors, including Norton Simon, Paul Mellon, Baron Thyssen, Harold Samuel, Charles Clore and the Wrightsmans in New York, along with world renowned museums such as the Getty, the Louvre and the National Gallery, London, among many others. He writes about his encounters with these eminent bodies in a light-hearted style, sometimes amusing, always extremely interesting - including an anecdote about a recent meeting with a Chinese billionaire with a penchant for fine wine. The two monkeys in the title refer to two paintings of a monkey holding a peach by George Stubbs, the outstanding English animal painter. Anthony describes how he discovered one of these masterpieces as a 'sleeper' in a Sotheby's sale. Early in his career Anthony's rooms in Piccadilly were broken into and a number of paintings stolen, including a George Stubbs painting of a spaniel. An intriguing tale follows, ending with the paintings recovered some eighteen months later after a failed blackmail attempt on the part of the thieves. Amongst his accomplishments, Speelman was for many years chairman of the vetting committee at the annual Maastricht art fair. He describes the working of the committees which ensure that all works exhibited are correctly described. Still active in the art world, he is currently chairman of the vetting committee of the prestigious annual Masterpiece art fair in London. Other chapters detail Speelman's travels to California, New York and Paris, his interest in gastronomy and his thrilling adventures in the world of horseracing. The book is beautifully illustrated with examples of works that have passed through the author's hands. The wide range of illustrations is not limited to Dutch art and includes works by Canaletto, Stubbs, Raphael, Tiepolo, Melendez and other Old Masters.

This text, one of the finest written by Jean-Paul Sartre, dates from 1948 and is the accomplishment of the understanding of poems whose aim was not merely literary. To a large degree, it inaugurated the still lively reflexion on Negritude. This text dealing with liberty wich at that time could only be written or spoken about, has lost none of its virtue in a world where many of the profound demands of the black voice have still to be met.

Since physicists introduced supersymmetry in the mid 1970s, there have been great advances in the understanding of supersymmetric quantum field theories and string theories. These advances have had important mathematical consequences as well. The lectures featured in this book treat fundamental concepts necessary for understanding the physics behind these mathematical applications. Freed approaches the topic with the assumption that the basic notions of supersymmetric field theory are unfamiliar to most mathematicians. He presents the material intending to impart a firm grounding in the elementary ideas. The first half of the book offers expository introductions to superalgebras, supermanifolds, classical field theory, free quantum theories, and super Poincaré groups. The second half covers specific models and describes some of their geometric features. The over-all aim is to explain the classical supersymmetric field that are basic for applications in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, thereby providing readers with sufficient background to explore the quantum ideas.

In his early twenties Goethe wrote Proserpina for the Weimar court singer Corona Schröter to perform. His interest in presenting Weimar's first professional singer-in-residence in a favourable light was not the only reason why this monologue with music (now lost) by Seckendorff is important. Goethe's memories of his sister Cornelia, who had recently died in childbirth, were in fact the real catalyst : through this work Goethe could level accusations against his parents about Cornelia's marriage, of which he had not approved. Goethe used the melodramatic form to transform private and cultural issues for women of the time into public discourses and so to manipulate public opinion. His work reveals an astute understanding of musical melodrama and the important impact it had on the cultural dynamics of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Whatever the source of inspiration, it is clear that Goethe was very preoccupied with Proserpina. When he returned to this melodrama forty years later he collaborated closely with Carl Eberwein, the court, theatre, and church music director, who composed a new setting which accords with Goethe's clear understanding of musical declamation in 19th century melodrama. In the intensive collaboration which took place while the production was being prepared in January 1815, Goethe was already anticipating the idea of a Gesamtkunstwerk. He paid close attention to every aspect of the production, especially to its music and its staging. When discussing contemporary settings of the poet's works, scholars often lapse into regret that Goethe did not have someone of comparable rank at his side for musical collaborations. Yet Eberwein's willingness to go along with Goethe's wishes was an advantage here : the selfless striving of the young composer to satisfy the poet's intentions is everywhere apparent in the score and it is the nearest thing we have to a ‘composition by Goethe'. Despite critics' positive reception of the first performance on 4 February 1815, the work has never been published before. Musically and dramatically this unknown melodrama is a superb work for solo voice, choir, and orchestra, and deserves to be brought before the public today.

This book examines the symbolist tales of Der Nister (1884-1950), a Soviet Yiddish writer who wrote before and after the Revolution in the USSR, and in Berlin in the 1920s. It offers various intertextual readings of the tales, determining the influence of the French and Russian symbolist movements and the Jewish folk and art-tale, and retracing the political and artistic background of Jewish modernism in the Soviet Union and in Berlin in the 1920s. Drawing on various literary theories, it also investigates the narrative structure of Der Nister's tales, based on the midrashic mashal-nimshal figure, as well as his sophisticated use of symbol and allegory. Finally, it examines the intrusion of the economics of modernity (the city, the masses, inflation) which leads to the disintegration of the system of allegorical symbolism, the collapse of storytelling, and Der Nister's final renunciation of symbolism.

Les mangroves sont bien plus que des palétuviers. Forêts dans la mer, ou encore marais maritimes convertis en rizières, elles constituent l'un des paysages les plus originaux des littoraux intertropicaux. Dès leur découverte par les navigateurs portugais, elles suscitent des discours contradictoires et sont l'objet d'enjeux multiples et souvent conflictuels entre " conservationnistes " et " productivistes ". Cette synthèse régionale dresse un état des connaissances sur la mangrove, met en évidence les interactions variées entre les sociétés et leur environnement littoral, explicite la spécificité des " Rivières du Sud ", littoraux à mangrove compris entre le Sénégal et la Sierra Leone. Elle réunit un ensemble d'informations originales (volume 1) et un recueil bibliographique de plus de 3 000 références (volume 2), et constitue un outil indispensable pour les acteurs, scientifiques comme décideurs, concernés par la gestion des littoraux ouest-africains. Par un dialogue entre sciences de la nature et de la société, cet ouvrage ouvre des perspectives conceptuelles et méthodologiques et contribue ainsi à la réflexion plus générale sur les rapports entre environnement et développement, sciences et société. Mangroves are much more than just mangles. Forests in the sea or sea marshes converted into rice fields, they form one of the most original coastal landscape types in the tropics. Since their discovery by Portuguese navigators, they have generated contradictory statements and have been the centre of many issues often leading to contention between 'conservationists' and those in favour of 'productivity'. This regional synthesis reviews the state of knowledge on mangrove, shows the varied interactions between societies and their coastal environment and explains the specific features of the 'Rivières du Sud' (southern rivers), the coastal mangrove areas from Senegal to Sierra Leone. It consists of a set of original information (Volume 7) and a bibliography of more than 3,000 references (Volume 2), forming an essential tool for all those - both scientists and decision-makers - involved in the management of West African coastal zones. By establishing a dialogue between natural and social sciences, the work opens up conceptual and methodological prospects and contributes to more general reflection on the relations between the environment and development and between science and society.

Au coeur de l'économie de la connaissance, la question des inventions mises en oeuvre par ordinateur est un sujet passionnant mais complexe du droit de la propriété intellectuelle. L'exclusion de la brevetabilité des programmes d'ordinateur par la Convention sur le Brevet Européen rend l'appréciation de leur brevetabilité problématique. Si les décisions des chambres de recours de l'Office européen des brevets sur la question sont nombreuses, leur compréhension n'est pas toujours aisée ; de plus, celles-ci se situent parfois en contradiction avec les décisions des tribunaux nationaux, entraînant une insécurité juridique. On se souviendra d'ailleurs qu'une directive sur le sujet, visant à harmoniser les pratiques, a été rejetée avec force en 2005 par le Parlement Européen, preuve que le sujet est également sensible. Et alors que la démonstration de la contrefaçon ou encore la coexistence avec le droit d'auteur des logiciels suscitent également des interrogations, les développements récents de la jurisprudence américaine et la résolution de l'AIPPI lors du Congrès de Sydney ravivent les débats. Prenant comme point de départ les contributions présentées lors d'un colloque organisé par l'AACEIPI et le CEIPI le 24 novembre 2017 à la Grand' chambre de la Cour de cassation sur la question, cet ouvrage y ajoute de nombreuses autres études fondamentales avec pour objectif d'offrir une compréhension aussi complète que possible de cette problématique devenue fondamentale pour la pratique actuelle et à venir du droit des brevets. At the heart of the knowledge economy, the protection of computer-implemented inventions is a fascinating yet complex topic in intellectual property law. The exclusion of computer programs from patentable subject-matter by the European Patent Convention renders an assessment of their patentability particularly problematic. Although, numerous decisions have been delivered on this topic by the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office, they are not always easy to comprehend ; more so because they are sometimes contradictory to decisions delivered by national courts, thereby giving rise to legal uncertainty. In 2005 a proposed EU Directive which aimed at harmonizing national patent laws and practices of Member States was rejected by the European Parliament by an overwhelming majority, yet again demonstrating the sensitivity of this subject. While the demonstration of infringement and the co-existence of patent protection with protection granted to software under copyright law also raise questions, recent developments in US jurisprudence and the resolution of the AIPPI at the Sydney Congress has revived the debate surrounding this topic. This book amalgamates contributions made at a symposium organized by AACEIPI and the CEIPI on November 24, 2017 (held at the Grand Chamber of the Court of Cassation) with many other fundamental studies on this topic, with the objective of offering a comprehensive understanding on this issue which is critical for both present and future patent law practice.

The history of Shakespeare's reception in 18th century Italy is scanty and fragmentary. The present study attempts to join the scattered fragments of the mosaic together and to interpret the resulting picture in the light of current theories of comparative literature. Hamlet has been chosen as an exemplary case in Shakespearian production because it is associated with the very first milestones in Shakespeare's introduction into the Italian literary system. Hamlet also exemplifies on the one hand Italy's cultural indebtedness to France in the field of Shakespearian translation (the first Italian staging of a Shakespearian play was a Hamlet translated from Ducis' adaptation), and, on the other, the need for Northern European literary works to undergo profound changes before they could be assimilated in Italy. The process of Shakespeares's reception in 18th century Italy was made even more tortuous by a missed opportunity, again concerning Hamlet. The first complete Italian translation of the play by Alessandro Verri has never to this day been staged or published ; its impact on the development of Italian literature was only indirect through its influence on Verri's own creative works, which finally contributed to the birth of the Italian Romantic movement.