Practice and Problems in Language Testing 1
Extraits
Non classé
Practice and Problems in Language Testing 1
The First International Symposium of the Interuniversitäre Sprachtestgruppe at the Bundessprachenamt, Hürth, brought together a group of experts in language testing from a wide variety of backgrounds. This volume contains selected papers from the meeting and represents a broad range of topics in language testing, from Bernard Spolsky's paper on ethical questions, to Madeline Lutjeharms' contribution dealing with testing in a multilingual context, Nicolas Ferguson's computerized approach to oral assessment, and Günter Trost's and Horst Bickel's research into aptitude testing. The lively and often critical discussions following these and the other papers by Joseph Rohrer, Douglas K. Stevenson, Jan van Weeren, Wieland and Ulrich Raatz, Helmut J. Vollmer and Veronica Smith/Christine Klein-Braley are included, as is the panel discussion among several of the experts present.
12/1981
Non classé
Practice and Problems in English Grammar and Usage
This book aims to bridge the gap between theoretical and didactic grammar by familiarizing students with traditional terminology and notorious problem areas of English grammar - often otherwise ignored or neglected - and presenting them with a range of carefully chosen practice questions including challenging translation exercises for German students. Because it is often not simply ungrammaticality, but a certain un-Englishness, oddness, or awkwardness that marks students' English, this book is also a workbook on usage and style. A grammatical workbook and textbook in one, it has the unique advantage that almost all practice questions can be answered on the basis of information provided within the book and as a result can be used for individual study as well as school and university work. It will greatly help reinforce students' knowledge of grammar and give students the much needed practice and training in not only grammatically correct, but stylistically appropriate and natural English usage.
10/1991
Anglais apprentissage
Elementary Language Practice
* Elementary level grammar clearly explained and practised
* Functional language developed and extended
* Language skills, including spelling, punctuation and word formation
* Consolidation and extension of vocabulary in common topic areas
* Grammar index and wordlist
* Ideal for self-study or classroom use
01/1999
Décoration
Structuring Design. Graphic Grids in Theory and Practice
La communication visuelle s'efforce de structurer les contenus et de tenir compte des principes inhérents à chaque type de produits de manière à ce qu'un roman, un magazine ou un catalogue d'oeuvres d'art soit immédiatement identifié en tant que tel. Le présent ouvrage contient une foule d'explications, conseils pratiques et informations de base sur ce thème. Il accorde une place de choix à la grille, principe fondamental de toute maquette dont la fonction et les diverses applications sont présentées en détail. La grille facilite en effet à la fois la lecture et la compréhension des contenus. Dans une seconde partie, l'auteur donne des précisions sur ce qu'il convient de respecter durant les différentes phases d'élaboration d'une maquette. La troisième partie est plus théorique puisqu'elle aborde les rapports entre la méthode et l'intuition. L'ouvrage se termine par un glossaire exhaustif.
09/2019
Non classé
Problems and Perspectives
The 18 investigations collected in this volume, 4 of which are published for the first time, represent a cross section of the research in German baroque literature by the American scholar, Blake Lee Spahr. Individual issues of "German Baroque Literature" are discussed from a broad perspective, while specific problems are dealt with via a neopositivistic approach which highlights the limitations as well as the possibilities of American research in German literature.
12/1981
Philosophie
Language and Transcendence
This study provides, in the notion of transcendence, a framework for interpreting Heidegger's thinking in regard to language, one of his major preoccupations. It both locates his thinking in its historical context, and, while still remaining faithful to it, frees it for discussion and evaluation in a horizon beyond Heidegger's own, by showing how heideggerian insights are crucial to the development of Karl-Otto Apel's linguistically-based transcendental philosophy. The full import of Heidegger's thinking for the central concerns and problems of philosophy is thus revealed by tracing how, in Apel's work, it is made both ethically relevant and capable of fruitful dialogue with Anglo-American philosophical discourse, represented by such thinkers as Wittgenstein and Peirce.
07/1994
Non classé
Learner Language and Control
This book presents four closely related reports on the lay-out, data collection and results of a research project on the acquisition of German as a Foreign Language by adult students. A critical description is given of the course of the extensive data collection and the successes and difficulties encountered. This is followed by a theoretical paper in which a model of the production process in second language performance is postulated and discussed. Sections three and four describe analyses of spontaneous self-corrections as evidence of the learner's control of his speech process, which takes into account the influence of individual and linguistic variables.
12/1982
Non classé
The Dictionary of Acronyms and Abbreviations in Applied Linguistics and Language Learning
This dictionary is two things in one : an alphabetical compilation of acronyms and abbreviations together with their full forms and an inverted index, which gives the user thematic access to the information contained in the data base. The more than 13.000 entries are an attempt to lighten the burden of language teachers and applied linguists, translators and interpreters, librarians and administrators, whose job it is to mediate in and between language communities in daily or intermittent contact with the scourge of acronyms and abbreviations. A range of additional features distinguishes this dictionary from its competitors : More than 1200 addresses (if the acronym stands for an organization/institution); more than 3000 bibliographic references to the concepts behind the short forms ; ample crossreferencing to related entries ; a listing of new word coinages on the basis of acronyms.
10/1991
Philosophie
Issues in the Philosophy of Language Past and Present
In the light of contemporary perspectives a good deal of traditional philosophical thought can be read as relating to the issue of 'Language versus Reality'. The chapters of this book vindicate this claim ; bringing together thinkers different both in temperament and interests like Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, Aquinas, Heidegger and Gadamer they suggest that some of their major tenets reflect conceptual assumptions concerning linguistic meaning and reference. In trying to both identify and elucidate the assumptions at stake the author shows, both historically and systematically, that some of the problems experienced in the past as well as much of our contemporary concern with the same issue form a continuous line and a common endeavour ; and they have not yet come to an end.
11/1999
Multi-matières
Pas de problème avec les problèmes
Conçu par une enseignante, et en conformité avec les programmes de l'Education nationale, ce nouveau cahier d'activités propose des situations variées pour apprendre à résoudre des problèmes tout en s'amusant. Des exercices progressifs qui nécessitent l'utilisation de tous les types d'opérations. Des rappels et des astuces pour apprendre à mieux appréhender un problème. Des contenus conformes aux attentes des programmes.
09/2021
Histoire internationale
Direct and Inverse Boundary Value Problems
This volume contains papers presented to the 12th conference on "Methods and Techniques of Mathematical Physics" held on November 26 - December 2, 1989 at the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach.The papers mainly focus at direct and inverse boundary value problems arising in classical scattering theory, fluid mechanics, magnetohydrodynamics, and potential theory and they aim at interchanging mathematical tools and ideas among mathematicians, physicists, and engineers.
06/1991
Non classé
English-German Contrastive Linguistics: A Bibliography
In the last few years contrastive linguistics has experienced a renaissance. In studies of the German and the English language the fragmentation of interests seems to be particularly undesirable. This bibliography attempts to inventory the contrastive studies concerning the two languages including questions of interference, theory and practice of translation and didactics. The bibliography concerns not only researchers, teachers and students at university, but also practicing teachers in schools and adult education, who are interested in an overview of this linguistic discipline (language teachers, teacher trainers etc.).
10/1987
Histoire et Philosophiesophie
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN WORLD HISTORY. An introduction
In modern industrial society, the tic between science and technology seems clear, even inevitable. But historically, as James E. McClellan III and Harold Dorn remind us, the connection was far less apparent. For much of human history, technology depended more on the innovation of skilled artisans than it did on the speculation of scientists. Technology as "applied science," the authors argue, emerged relatively recently, as industry and governments began funding scientific research that would lead directly to new or improved technologies. In Science and Technology in World History, McClellan and Dorn offer an introduction to this changing relationship.
McClellan and Dorn review the historical record beginning with the thinking and tool making of prehistoric humans. Neolithic people, for example, developed metallurgy of a sort, using naturally occurring raw copper, and kept systematic records of the moon's phases. Neolithic craftsmen possessed practical knowledge of the behavior of clay, fire, and other elements of their environment, but though they may have had explanations for the phenomena of their crafts, they toiled without any systematic science of materials or the self-conscious application of theory to practice.
Without neglecting important figures of Western science such as Newton and Einstein, the authors demonstrate the great achievements of non-Western cultures. They remind us that scientific traditions took root in China, India, and Central and South America, as well as in a series of Near Eastern empires, during late antiquity and the Middle Ages, including the vast region that formed the Islamic conquest. From this comparative perspective, the authors explore the emergence of Europe as a scientific and technological power. Continuing their narrative through the Manhattan Project, NASA, and modern medical research, the authors weave the converging histories of science and technology into an integrated, perceptive, and highly readable narrative.
"Professors McClellan and Dorn have written a survey that does not present the historical development of science simply as a Western phenomenon but as the result of wide-ranging human curiosity about nature and attempts to harness its powers in order to serve human needs. This is an impressive amount of material to organize in a single textbook."
- Paula Findlen, Stanford University
01/1999
Romans policiers
Body language - Tome 1 - Body language
Cassie Raven, 25 ans, est technicienne à la morgue de Camden. Un peu gothique, visage agrémenté de piercings, la mort est son univers. Elle prend soin de ses "patients" et est persuadée que les morts peuvent parler, ou plutôt donner des indices sur ce qui leur est arrivé, si on veut se donner la peine de les écouter. Elle pensait avoir tout vu jusqu'à ce qu'arrive un jour le cadavre de Mrs E, son ancienne prof de maths et mentor, qui l'a des années auparavant, aidé à sortir de la drogue, des squats et des problèmes avec la justice. Apparemment, un accident. Sauf que Cassie est persuadée qu'elle a été tuée. Se fiant à son instinct, méfiante face à la police, elle se lance dans une enquête pour trouver la vérité.
04/2022
Santé, diététique, beauté
Testing thérapie. Votre corps ne ment jamais
La médecine est de plus en plus instrumentalisée et complexe. Pourtant, en revenant aux fondements mêmes de la démarche scientifique que sont l'observation et l'expérimentation, des techniques sont mobilisables en toute simplicité. Dans cet ouvrage, le docteur Gérard Dieuzaide propose une méthode thérapeutique inédite qui repose sur des tests corporels aussi performants que faciles à reproduire. Les tests développés par l'auteur donnent les moyens de reconnaître certaines agressions environnementales ou émotionnelles, en sachant lire et observer les réactions du corps. Les réponses apportées relèvent du réflexe, aussi la fiabilité des informations recueillies ne saurait-elle être mise en doute. Gérard Dieuzaide a établi des protocoles permet- tant aux praticiens comme à tout un chacun d'interroger directement le corps afin de révéler des nuisances insoupçonnées pour mieux les guérir ou s'en prémunir. Il est temps aujourd'hui de comprendre que les solutions de santé ne reposent pas uniquement sur la chimie. La dimension énergétique de l'être doit être prise en compte. Toute matière dispose d'une signature électromagnétique. Afin de s'assurer de leur compatibilité, it importe de prêter attention aux éléments étrangers de notre quotidien (lunettes, bijoux, matériaux de soin dentaire, teintures capillaires...) en évaluant leur influence sur l'organisme. Testing thérapie permet de mettre en lumière des intolérances, des inconforts parfois insupportables ou même des affections chroniques difficiles à diagnostiquer (fibromyalgie, cervicalgies, lombalgies, maux de tête, troubles du sommeil, douleurs musculaires ou articulaires, ver- tiges...). Testez-vous, le corps ne ment jamais, alors faites-lui confiance.
10/2019
Actualité médiatique internati
Animal Testing. Sortons les animaux des labos !
"L'expérimentation animale n'existe pas : le tour de force des industries qui y ont recours consiste à l'avoir fait disparaître". Chaque année, en Europe, environ 12 millions d'animaux subissent des tests : un chiffre qui ne faiblit pas depuis vingt ans malgré une opposition citoyenne croissante et un discours scientifique qui vante la réduction des expériences. Rongeurs, poissons, chats, chiens ou singes sont utilisés dans les laboratoires, et pour des raisons parfois bien éloignées du cadre de la santé. Que vivent vraiment ces animaux ? Pourquoi le changement est-il si lent ? Comment agir ? En créant l'association Animal Testing, Audrey Jougla a pu recueillir des informations et des témoignages inédits. Des années d'enquêtes de terrain ponctuées de déceptions ou de victoires : l'auteur livre un panorama sans concession, aussi clair qu'édifiant. Un récit intime et engagé qui interroge notre humanité face à la condition animale.
10/2023
Droit
Logic: Mathematics, Language, Computer Science and Philosophy
In Logic Programming (25 and 26) the language of logic is used as a declarative programming language. Prolog uses resolution as its underlying proof mechanism. The logical structure of relational databases is explained (27) in set theoretical terms and it is shown how the language of set theory can be used as a Structured Query Language (SQL). Computability, Undecidability and Complexity are treated in sections 28, 29, and 30, respectively, in terms of Turing machines. The undecidability of the validity problem for predicate logic and the NP-completeness of the satisfiability problem for propositional logic are shown in a similiar way. Chomsky's notion of grammar and its relation to the notion of automation is presented in section 31. Both untyped and typed lambda calculus are treated in sections 32 and 33, respectively. The role epistemic logic can play in the description of distributed systems is explained (34). In section 35 and 36, temporal logic is used both for verification by hand and for automatic verification. A tableaux-based automated theorem prover for classical logic is elaborated in the Appendix. Each section ends with a number of exercises ; the answers can be found at the end of this book.
05/1994
Non classé
Thackeray and the Problem of Realism
Although it is traditional to see a certain kind of "realism" as the essence of fiction, in practice novels of course offer not a simple reproduction of experience but a throughgoing organization of it. The novel is, after all, a bourgeois genre and it reflects that bourgeois view of life according to which the world is there merely to be dominated and controlled by man. This study examines both Thackeray's early fiction, in which both the novel form and the manipulative society to which it belongs are attacked, and his later works, in which they are defended, and tries to determine the reasons for this change.
12/1986
Anglais apprentissage
Jefferson and Nature. An Interpretation
Jefferson and Nature is the first comprehensive study to take Jefferson completely at his word-his favorite word. Nature-the term and the many ideas associated with it-pervades Jefferson's life and writings. It sets hem apart from his colleagues in the American Enlightenment and provides the distinctive gateway to his thought and action. By no means consistent and at tunes apparently opportunistic in his use of the term, Jefferson nevertheless draws nearly every realm of life back to this essential word and idea. Charles Miller's book tells why this is so.
01/1993
Sciences politiques
An International Bibliography of Computer-Assisted Language Learning with Annotations in German
This bibliography is a sequel to volume I of the International Bibliography of Computer Assisted Language Learning compiled by the Senior Editor and published in 1988. The roughly 2000 entries mainly cover the period from 1987 to 1991. Together, the 3051 entries in volumes I and II constitute a fairly comprehensive picture of CALL around the world. This bibliography is not restricted to English as a first, second or foreign language. The articles indexed - some 600 of them have annotations in German - report on the teaching of Arabic, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latin, Polish, Russian, Spanish and Thai as target languages. A German and an English subject index help to locate entries.
09/1993
Non classé
Health Problems in Asia and in the Federal Republic of Germany- How to solve them?
In order to cope with health problems in developing or developed countries, means have to be tested before preventive, promotive and curative measures can be implemented on a nationwide basis by health authorities. Problems and constraints of such intervention trials seem to be similar in developing and developed countries although there are differences in the disease patterns. In the near future, especially the Asian countries will be facing similar health problems as the western countries, in addition to their present problems. Scientists from various Asian countries and the Federal Republic of Germany discussed intervention measures in the field of health delivery system, family planning, parasite control, mother and child health care as well as nutrition.
12/1985
Non classé
The History and some Problems of Television Service in Anambra State of Nigeria
The television medium has reached the heights of complication. This complication is the aftereffect of the fact that broadcasting in itself (both TV and Radio) recognizes little or no boundaries. Broadcasting breaks the boundaries of, inter alia, political, cultural, linguistic, socio-economical and socio-psychological identities. It reaches extensive "possibilities" embracing, collecting and connecting nationalities and people, languages and cultures. This situation must continue to raise the question why such a global-transcontinental and transnational communications' "inter-flux". This work is in this context an aid towards possible solutions of the present question on the TV-medium. The interest of this work can be said to be the presentation of facts that brought Anambra State of Nigeria to this "embrace" of the world's extensive television technology.
12/1986
Physique, chimie
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS. 5th edition
Since 1960, this leading text has taught thousands of students the fundamentals of non rigid body mechanics. Now, the new author team of Riley, Sturges, and Morris have revised the text to appeal to today's students by updating the illustration program, adding design content, and including more realistic problem sets.
The fifth edition is written in a clear and concise style and contains new illustrations throughout each chapter. The text stresses the use of fundamental principles and the concepts of mechanics to solve all problems. As a result, students must apply the information presented in each chapter to answer realistic problems instead of simply using formulas. This problem solving method motivates students to learn the material because they see how it is used in the real world.
New Features of the Fifth Edition
* A new introductory chapter containing a "Review of Statics" has been included.
* Chapter 2 is reorganized to conform with the greater use of the stress transformation and principal stress equations in engineering practice.
* Numerous example problems are used to show methods of analysis for typical mechanics of materials problems. Hints have been added to most of these example problems to help students understand the thought process required for their solution.
* Each chapter concludes with a section on design.
* Design Example problems and Design Homework problems have been added to most chapters.
* There are over 1300 homework problems, many of which require the use of the computer for their solution.
01/1999
Mathématiques
Statistical and Data Handling Skills in Biology
All biologists need to be able to handle numbers, yet students of biology often approach this topic fearfully. This guide helps to, develop key skills for the study of biology in the minimum time through guided practise.
Statistical and Data Handling Skills in Biology is an easy-to-use handbook which concentrates on essentials. It explains why certain mathematical concepts can help in biology and describes them in simple language and pictures with few equations. Numerous worked examples and problems from real biological situations are provided. The book first shows how to handle numbers and S.I. units. It then explains why variation is such a problem in biology and shows how to use statistical tests to separate real effects from the background variation. Finally it explains how to choose appropriate statistical tests to, analyse data and how to improve the design of experiments. Students will develop confidence in dealing with numbers by working through the problems provided.
Key features include:
- takes a biological viewpoint;
- clear, concise coverage of essential concepts;
- helpful explanations and pictures with a minimum of equations;
- step-by-step guides to statistical tests;
- guidance on using computer-based statistical packages;
- decision charts for choosing statistical tests;
- worked examples and problems, with solutions provided.
This book makes an ideal companion for biologists at all levels, as a text for elementary courses for sixth form and first year undergraduate students, a self-study guide, or as a laboratory handbook for the working biologist.
01/2000
Non classé
Dynamical Problems in Mathematical Physics
This volume contains the papers on dynamical problems im mathematical physics presented to the 10th Conference on "Methoden und Verfahren der Mathematischen Physik", held on February 21-27, 1982 at the "Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach".
12/1983
Histoire internationale
Outlawry, Governance, and Law in Medieval England
Outlawry, Governance, and Law in Medieval England evaluates the role of exclusionary practices, namely outlawry, in law and governance in England from the tenth through the thirteenth centuries. Traditional historical narratives dismiss exile, outlawry, and banishment as ineffective and weak methods of maintaining social order. More specifically, the pres¬ent volume reassesses these forms of exclusion in matters of politics, law, and society, as well as their influence on increased use of imprisonment in later medieval England. Outlawry, Governance, and Law in Medieval England is essential reading for scholars working in this field but is also highly recommended as a text for courses that assess medieval law and the practice of outlawry as well as the development of English Common Law.
10/2013
Paramédical
Evidence Based Practice en rééducation. Démarche pour une pratique raisonnée
La réforme récente des études de kinésithérapie a placé au centre de ses préoccupations l'Evidence Based Practice (EBP). Celle-ci s'articule autour des données de la recherche de l'expérience et de compétences du thérapeute et de l'état bio-psycho-social des valeurs et des attentes individuels des patients. L'intégration dans la pratique quotidienne de ces trois piliers constitue une nouvelle orientation puissante donnée à la formation des futurs professionnels de la rééducation orientation conforme à l'évolution des professions de santé vers une pratique raisonnée et justifiée. Cet ouvrage premier sur le sujet en langue française propose un support complet sur la démarche pratique factuelle en rééducation : concepts raisonnement et outils nécessaires. Il donne à la fois les bases théoriques indispensables et les connaissances pratiques à maitriser. Un chapitre entier est dédié à l'utilisation de l'EBP avec des exemples de cas cliniques concrets (études de cas diagnostiques thérapeutiques...).
07/2019
Non classé
Self-Repairs in Learner Language
Repair is a characteristic of oral discourse. The ability to repair one's own discourse appropriately is a part of native speakers' communicative competence. This study investigates the repair behaviour of foreign language (L2) learners at different levels of oral proficiency. Two principal types of repair, code- and discourse-related, were distinguished. In the use of these, both quantitative and qualitative changes occur according to development of L2 learner proficiency. L2 learners also differ individually in their repair behaviour. Two main types of languages users were identified : safe-players and explorers. The study suggests repair to be related to other contextual factors in the discourse, such as errors, or lexical problems. Thus, in different contexts, use of repair may either enhance or impoverish communication.
03/1993
Anglais apprentissage
Practice makes perfect. Pratique de la grammaire anglaise
Pratique de la grammaire anglaise s'adresse à tous ceux qui peuvent être embarrassés par un accord, une construction, le mode d'un verbe, une traduction... Rédigé en une langue simple, il permet à tout utilisateur, quel que soit son niveau, et même s'il n'a pas reçu de formation linguistique, de trouver la réponse à son interrogation et, par la pratique, de faire le point sur ses connaissances de la grammaire anglaise et de combler d'éventuelles lacunes. L'ouvrage comprend deux grandes parties : - La syntaxe le groupe verbal, le groupe nominal, la phrase. Y est présenté l'essentiel des règles qui structurent le fonctionnement de la langue anglaise. ; - Du français à l'anglais : y sont regroupés et classés alphabétiquement certains mots et certaines expressions qui sont le plus souvent source d'embarras, et parfois d'erreurs, pour un francophone. Sous le titre Solutions, le corrigé complet de tous les exercices, assorti d'un complément d'explication lorsque la difficulté le demande, se trouve à la suite des deux parties.
12/2019
Non classé
Marriage in the Christian and Igbo Traditional Context: Towards an Inculturation
Traditional marriage and Christian marriage rites presently exist as two distinct ceremonies in some parts of Africa. Is there no way of bringing the two together to avoid any form of duplication or multiplication of rite ? More so because the Church has always implicitly recognised matrimonial institution as a cultural product. The answer to the above question is located in the whole issue of inculturation. A process that successfully flourished in the Western civilisation and consequently influenced the teaching of the Church on marriage. The answer to our question seeks to establish a marriage rite where couples will genuinely experience the happy marriage between culture and Church. A marriage rite that will fulfil both the traditional and Christian demands.
04/2003
