Visual Aids in the Productions of the First Piscator-Bühne 1927-28

The dialogues of the mid-Victorian novelist, Anthony Trollope, are particularly permeable to modern psycholinguistic terminology as used by the Palo Alto school, especially by Paul Watzlawick in Pragmatics of Human Communication. We have classified Trollope novels into pleasant and unpleasant, using Barchester Towers and He Knew He was Right as respective examples of normogenic personal and social conflict, and schizophrenia-induced hubris. We have cast seven dialogues in graphic form : first according to the semiotic system by Carlos E. Sluzki and Janet Beavin, and then in the more comprehensive form of Klaus Muderbach's Interaction Notation. The question is posed whether a semiotic notation can show differentiation between psychotic and normogenic behavior, with reflections on how to define each.

Hugely ambitious, Titian : Sources and Documents includes all known documents about Titian and his work dating from his lifetime, and all known references to him in contemporary publications. The relevant section of each text is transcribed in full, preceded by a short summary in English, with extensive annotation and, where necessary, a commentary. The intention of this incredible work of scholarship is to provide a comprehensive survey of the surviving historical evidence about Titian and his career. Titian was one of the most famous, successful and long-lived of Renaissance painters. Much of his output was for rulers or institutions whose archives have been in large part preserved, and many of his family papers have also survived. In addition, he was mentioned in more than a hundred and sixty different publications in his lifetime. Although hundreds of the documents about him and his work have been published, usually in specialised publications based on material in a single archive, there have only been two attempts to provide an overview of the entire body of documents and early published references to him, the first by Crowe and Cavalcaselle in 1877, the second by Adolfo Venturi in 1928. These publications were necessarily selective and included transcriptions of only a small part of the material which was used. The collection, amounting to over two thousand nine hundred items, includes not only texts specifically about Titian himself, but also those concerning his siblings and children, his principal assistants and the other members of the Vecellio family already active as painters before his death, as well as inscriptions on paintings and prints. In addition to texts dating from Titian's lifetime, the collection includes all biographical material published before 1700 and all other texts that could realistically be thought to reflect first- or second-hand anecdotal information about him. The particular strengths and limitations of the principal early printed sources and the circumstances in which they were produced are discussed in a substantial introduction, which also includes an overview of the main archival collections consulted in the preparation of the book. Most of these are in Italy, but others are in Spain, Austria and Germany. New transcriptions are provided for the great majority of the documents that have previously been published, and many hitherto unknown documents have been included. Consideration is given also to documents now known only via secondary sources, and to fake documents, of which a significant number were produced in the past two centuries.

Dossier Les vies de la science sous le socialisme tardif, 1945-1991 The lives of late Soviet science, 1945-1991 Grégory DUFAUD, Ksenia TATARCHENKO Les vies de la science sous le socialisme tardif, 1945-1991, Introduction Grégory DUFAUD, Ksenia TATARCHENKO The lives of late Soviet science, 1945-1991, Introduction Marc ELIE Tournant dans l'irrigation soviétique : la controverse sur le drainage, 1947-1950 Timm SCHÖNFELDER The good, the bad, and the pochvoved : Viktor Kovda, Soviet soil science, and the agromeliorative complex Jean-Philippe MARTINEZ Trajectoires internationales de physiciens soviétiques : la diplomatie comme compromis avec leurs autorités Sophie COURE East-West scientific collaboration face-to-face with dissidence : The logic of the International Committee of Mathematicians in Defence of Plyushch and Shikhanovich Galina ORLOVA De-mobilized atoms as boundary objects : The short lives of isotopes in the USSR Forum Les statistiques de la Terreur Alessandro STANZIANI Avant-propos Oleg KHLEVNIUK ??? ? ??? ? ??? : ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? Stephen G. WHEATCROFT Towards a more critical understanding of the statistical indicators of Soviet repression and what they tell us Mikhail NAKONECHNYI The devil is in the (statistical) details : Why does the quantitative history of Russian Civil War incarceration still matter in 2021 ? Oleg BUDNITSKII In parentheses : Extrajudicial executions during the Great Patriotic War Varia Mihail POGORELOV ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ?? : ??? ? ?? "? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ? ?? " , 1928 - 1934 ?? .

This catalogue accompanies the first exhibition devoted to a fascinating group of drawings by the Anglo-Swiss Henry Fuseli (1741-1825), one of eighteenth-century Europe's most idiosyncratic, original and controversial artists. Best known for his notoriously provocative painting The Nightmare, Fuseli energetically cultivated a reputation for eccentricity, with vividly stylised images of supernatural creatures, muscle-bound heroes, and damsels in distress. While these convinced some viewers of the greatness of his genius, others dismissed him as a charlatan, or as completely mad. Fuseli's contemporaries might have thought him even crazier had they been aware that in private he harboured an obsessive preoccupation with the figure of the modern woman, which he pursued almost exclusively in his drawings. Where one might have expected idealised bodies with the grace and proportions of classical statues, here instead we encounter figures whose anatomies have been shaped by stiff bodices, waistbands, puffed sleeves, and pointed shoes, and whose heads are crowned by coiffures of the most bizarre and complicated sort. Often based on the artist's wife Sophia Rawlins, the women who populate Fuseli's graphic work tend to adopt brazenly aggressive attitudes, either fixing their gaze directly on the viewer or ignoring our presence altogether. Usually they appear on their own, in isolation on the page ; sometimes they are grouped together to form disturbing narratives, erotic fantasies that may be mysterious, vaguely menacing, or overtly transgressive, but where women always play a dominant role. Among the many intriguing questions raised by these works is the extent to which his wife Sophia was actively involved in fashioning her appearance for her own pleasure, as well as for the benefit of her husband. By bringing together more than fifty of these studies (roughly a third of the known total), The Courtauld Gallery will give audiences an unprecedented opportunity to see one of the finest Romantic-period draughtsmen at his most innovative and exciting. Visitors to the show and readers of the lavishly illustrated catalogue will further be invited to consider how Fuseli's drawings of women, as products of the turbulent aftermath of the American and French Revolutions, speak to concerns about gender and sexuality that have never been more relevant than they are today. The exhibition showcases drawings brought together from international collections, including the Kunsthaus in Zurich, the Auckland Art Gallery in New Zealand, and from other European and North American institutions.

On Friday, November 24, 1944 in Cologne, Private Robert Bradley, posted as a scout from the Sixteenth Corps, Third US Army, Twelfth American Army Group, submachine gun in hand, his ears pricked and his eyes alert, discovered the dislocated body of what seemed to be a girl, her waist fixed flat by a wide leather belt to an upside down bed, lying across it, her head thrown back and her arms dangling. Motionless, with hollow eyes. On the first day of the year 2005, there was an unpleasant surprise in store for the inhabitants of the peaceful Provençal village of Les Valats. In one of the houses, the first rays of bright, cold sunshine came in through the southern skylight and lit the living room wall where the blurred and grey shadow of a body was swinging. Alternating between the history of Ukraine and the landscapes of Provence as backdrop, the authors invite the reader to delve into an intriguing destiny where local anecdotes are blended with authentic events, right to the tormented depths of their characters. In this narrative ride through space and time, is it possible to determine who the culprits are the victims of ?

Not satisfied with what nature offered, human beings wanted to go beyond reality and invented mysterious and intriguing creatures populating their world. During Antiquity, every culture had its own strange creatures, that mixed the forms of one or more animal, plant and human species in an infinite number of more-or-less fanciful combinations. Griffins, sphinxes, mermaids, centaurs, satyrs, pygmies, werewolves, winged monsters and unspeakable hybrids, fantastic beasts abound in the imagination of many populations throughout Antiquity. Most of them continue to live, sometimes transformed, through fairy tales, literature, movies and videogames. Faced with the abundance and variety of the ancient fantastic bestiary, the questions that come to mind are : Where do fantastic beasts come from ? How do they appear in different cultures ? What is their history, how did they survive until now ? And above all, what are fantastic beasts ? This book will explore these questions through the lens of archaeology, art history, philology and philosophy. The result is a hybrid book, precisely like the fantastic animals that constitute its object, a book which offers different approaches of analysis while being aware that our means are often vain to capture these elusive figures, which ultimately are more like us than they seem. Man, like Oedipus, will often prove to be more monstrous than the Sphinx...

Mehersthan Memoir (Meher Baba) This book is dedicated to the unique One who has assumed a form and name to lead the play of universal existence. He throbs in our loving heart ; He breathes in our living soul. He sings in our fervent spirit and he thinks in our purified mind. That infinite Ancient One from his supernal height, bends towards us to embrace us in his love, and to feed our soul with the nectar of his bliss. Blessed are they that have the mind to know him, the heart to feel him and the love to live in his consciousness ! He may have been born to human parents in Poona, studied in a college, played cricket, left home, have seen great souls, sat alone silent, spoken in gestures, written books - but that is not his history. Many live such a life ; many scholars write books ; many saints sit in contemplation ; many monks leave home for mountain resorts ; but they cannot be one like him. Millions of bulbs challenge in vain the darkness of night. One sun rises and the night dissolves into his golden light. One sun rises and the night dissolves into his golden light. We have seen monks, yogins and saints. Some live alone for peace. Some open Ashrams and collect donations to run them. Some comercialise their name and form. Some display miracles to surprise human minds ; some offer boons ; some predict the future ; some curse you when you do not offer them what they want. Some seek pleasure and treasure. But who seeks God and finds God in the self to awaken God-awareness in other men and women ? Who says "I am God and you are God too"? Who rises above the prattle of words, the rattle of weapons and battle of ideologies to the lofty peace of supersonic silence and pours his blessings from the dizzy height of the soul in tune with God ? Who is he that embraces all in the heart and awakens the soul which has none of the human creations of caste, religion, race, pedigree nor colour ? Editions ASSA, Christian Piaget

If Chance is a "straw man" and Freedom a distant ideal, then why write poetry in the first place ? Because not all straw men are hollow and because not all ideals should fade into the distance. In his third book of French poetry translated into English, Dotoli continues to shine as a beacon of hope and optimism in a world that often forgets how its prosaic whimpers may still resonate with a lyrical bang.

Since the 1990s and the 2000s, Western social protection systems have experienced a turn towards activation. This turn consists of the multiplication of measures aimed at bringing those who are unemployed closer to participation in the labour market. These measures often induce a strengthening of the conditions that must be met in order to receive social benefits. It is in this well known context that the authors gathered in this book decided to take a closer look at the relationship between activation policies for the unemployed and the right and the duty to work. If activation measures are likely to increase transitions towards the labour market, we can also make the assumption that they may, particularly when they are marked with the seal of coercion, hinder or dramatically reduce the right to freely chosen work. In such circumstances, the realisation of the "right to work", which is often stated to be the aim of those who promote activation, tends in practice to be reduced to an increasing pressure being exerted on the unemployed. In this case, isn't it actually the duty to work that is particularly reinforced ? After an historical and philosophical perspective on the issue, this assumption is confronted with the developments observed in the United States and in France, and then with the guidelines laid down in international human rights instruments. What follows is a discussion of two alternatives to the dominant activation model : the basic income guarantee and the employment guarantee.

In Logic Programming (25 and 26) the language of logic is used as a declarative programming language. Prolog uses resolution as its underlying proof mechanism. The logical structure of relational databases is explained (27) in set theoretical terms and it is shown how the language of set theory can be used as a Structured Query Language (SQL). Computability, Undecidability and Complexity are treated in sections 28, 29, and 30, respectively, in terms of Turing machines. The undecidability of the validity problem for predicate logic and the NP-completeness of the satisfiability problem for propositional logic are shown in a similiar way. Chomsky's notion of grammar and its relation to the notion of automation is presented in section 31. Both untyped and typed lambda calculus are treated in sections 32 and 33, respectively. The role epistemic logic can play in the description of distributed systems is explained (34). In section 35 and 36, temporal logic is used both for verification by hand and for automatic verification. A tableaux-based automated theorem prover for classical logic is elaborated in the Appendix. Each section ends with a number of exercises ; the answers can be found at the end of this book.

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, New York City was financially and socially bankrupt, but the art and music scene was flourishing. During these years, the downtown New York music scene - no wave, hip-hop, disco funk and club culture - shaped Jean-Michel Basquiat as both a musician and an artist. This catalog for a traveling exhibition explores how Basquiat's painting has parallels in his music (sampling, cut-up, rapping), and takes a new look at his production as a writer and a poet in light of his connections with the then-emerging hip-hop culture. This beautifully illustrated exhibition catalog of rarely seen photographs and images sheds new light on Basquiat as a musician, exploring how his art and music are related, and how they reflect on his identity as a Black artist in the United States, the downtown New York music scene, and contemporary culture.

When Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union, Moscow officials expected the British Navy to appear on the shore of Leningrad, fulfilling the Bolshevik nightmare of a concerted Capitalist plot. Instead, Prime Minister Winston Churchill reached out to promise support to the Kremlin and collaborate with Britain's former archenemy. Fighting the Nazi menace together became the new priority, leading to unprecedented levels of cooperation between the two governments. In order to defeat the Nazis, Britain and the USSR shared intelligence and revealed operative secrets to each other, including those of the secretive security services. They helped with the dispatch of agents and even ran agents together, attempting to foil German counter-intelligence strategies. For much of the Cold War, crucial facts of this collaboration remained top secret. Based on recently declassified files, Dealing with the Devil explores this little known chapter of the Second World War. This study underscores the willingness of the USSR and Britain to join forces and disclose many of their closely guarded secrets. The book uses personnel files and other historical sources to reveal for the first time the activities of officers and agents on this "invisible front", recounting the actions of many brave men and women who risked their lives to defeat the Nazis.

From the rain forests of Borneo to the tenements of Manhattan, winged insects are a conspicuous and abundant feature of life on earth. Here, Robert Dudley presents the first comprehensive explanation of how insects fly. The author relates the biomechanics of flight to insect ecology and evolution in a major new work of synthesis. The book begins with an overview of insect flight biomechanics. Dudley explains insect morphology, wing motions, aerodynamics, flight energetics, and flight metabolism within a modern phylogenetic setting. Drawing on biomechanical principles, he describes and evaluates flight behavior and the limits to flight performance. The author then takes the next step by developing evolutionary explanations of insect flight. He analyzes the origins of flight in insects, the roles of natural and sexual selection in determining how insects fly, and the relationship between flight and insect size, pollination, predation, dispersal, and migration. Dudley ranges widely - from basic aerodynamics to muscle physiology and swarming behavior - but his focus is the explanation of functional design from evolutionary and ecological perspectives. The importance of flight in the lives of insects has long been recognized but never systematically evaluated. This book addresses that shortcoming. Robert Dudley provides an introduction to insect flight that will be welcomed by students and researchers in biomechanics, entomology, evolution, ecology, and behavior.

Livre de photographie / 85 photos N&B / texte FR-EN Le but de ce projet photographique est d'enquêter à travers les différentes couches sociales, afin de proposer un aperçu de la vie en Bosnie-Herzégovine, cent ans après l'attentat de Sarajevo (assassinat de l'archiduc d'Autriche Franz Ferdinand et de sa femme Sophie, le 28 juin 1914), qui fut le prétexte au lancement de la Première Guerre Mondiale et en quelque sorte, le point de départ du vingtième siècle. The aim of this photo project is to investigate through the different social layers to offer an overview of life in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a hundred years after the assassination of Sarajevo (Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie, were shot down on 28, June 1914), which was a pretext for the launch of the First World War and in a way, was the starting point of the 20th century.

The fourth volume in our "Hidden Treasures" series is dedicated to the Riace Bronzes, two of the very few ancient bronze statues that have survived to this day and now preserved in the National Archeological Museum in Reggio Calabria. This publication was designed to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of their discovery. In it, Luigi Spina's photographic research dialogs with the texts written by Carmelo Malacrino. The photographer here develops a continued narrative, offering a direct comparison between the two sculptures, identified as A and B, exploring interpretations of the physicality of the two subjects as well as the three-dimensional quality of the bronze bodies, often concealed by the two-dimensional appearance of photographic images. Carmelo Malacrino and Riccardo Di Cesare analyse these famous 5th century BC masterpieces from two points of view : as ancient works of art on the one hand, and considering their significance for contemporary culture on the other. He retraces the story of the Bronzes beginning with their discovery in August, 1972, exploring the circumstances of their unearthing, the restoration they underwent, the exhibitions in which they were shown, as well as the impact they have had on the public, both nationally and internationally. Equally relevant is the reinterpretation of these two statues, beginning with their contextualization in the sphere of ancient Greek art, the related stylistic issues, and the reflection upon the practices and the knowledge possessed by Classical sculpture workshops. This volume will be a pleasant surprise for those of you who love Classical sculpture, for archaeology enthusiasts, and for all those who aren't satisfied with a quick glance when it comes to admiring a work of art.

The 18 investigations collected in this volume, 4 of which are published for the first time, represent a cross section of the research in German baroque literature by the American scholar, Blake Lee Spahr. Individual issues of "German Baroque Literature" are discussed from a broad perspective, while specific problems are dealt with via a neopositivistic approach which highlights the limitations as well as the possibilities of American research in German literature.

This volume contains papers presented to the 14th meeting of the German Working Group "Multicriteria Decision" held on September 22-27, 1991 in Riezlern, Austria at the guesthouse of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main. The papers mainly focus at applications in structural optimization problems in engineering and other fields, presentation of software packages and decision systems, and theory of vector optimization and approximation and they aim at interchanging mathematical tools and ideas among mathematicians and engineers.

Whether at peace or at war, Paris during the first half of the twentieth century pulsated with frenzied energy. Creatives from across Europe flocked to the French capital where they had free rein to experiment with innovative forms of expression. Inspired by the challenge made possible through technological advances and market expectations, members from every artistic discipline-art, design, architecture, photography, fashion, and cinema-forged the new face of this resolutely modern city. A kaleidoscopic portrait of this exhilarating artistic surge is documented here in dictionary form, through biographical profiles of nearly one hundred leading creators, including Josephine Baker, Coco Chanel, Le Corbusier, Tamara de Lempicka, Robert Mallet-Stevens, Man Ray, Charlotte Perriand, Jean Prouvé, Helena Rubinstein, and Gertrude Stein. The richly illustrated volume is completed with a photographic journal of Paris today by Antonio Martinelli, retracing the incredible architectural and urban landscape that still bears the hallmarks of this wildly prodigious period. J-L. C. , G. M. J.

Muriel Peytavin, La courtisane en peinture : portraits idéalisés, portraits du réel Résumé - Cet article se propose d'examiner quelques portraits de courtisanes des dynasties Ming ? (1368-1644) et Qing ? (1644-1911), dans une tradition de la peinture chinoise où le portrait n'est pas réalisé d'après nature ou d'après un modèle mais envisagé selon les textes littéraires qui prescrivent les principales directives en matière de représentation humaine, et notamment, féminine. Communément, la femme est avant tout traitée comme un type général et non comme une personne singulière ; l'image représentée est par conséquent une construction idéologique avant d'être une construction psychologique. Il s'agit d'apprécier la manière dont les artistes se sont servis de l'individualité de certaines courtisanes et de leur histoire, envisagée comme un thème à part entière, au moyen d'un traitement pictural éloigné de la peinture de beautés (meiren hua ???), pour exprimer de nouveaux idéaux, des singularités inédites, qui ont pourtant échoué à construire une mémoire pérenne de l'identité féminine chinoise. Chan Tsai-yun, Mémoire d'un empire. La longue marche des collections du Musée du Palais dans un contexte de guerre Résumé - Le Musée du Palais, depuis sa création jusqu'à nos jours, est en étroite corrélation avec l'évolution politique du monde chinois. Il reflète l'époque impériale chinoise, la transformation du système politique de la jeune République de Chine et la division du monde chinois. Il témoigne également d'un passé extrêmement tumultueux marqué par la guerre sino-japonaise et la guerre civile. Ce legs impérial, partagé entre la Chine et Taïwan, permet de faire émerger toutes sortes de mémoires parmi les populations chez qui la sinité est profondément enracinée. Sandrine Marchand, Nostalgie du poème : réticence à l'image dans la poésie mémorielle Résumé - Les multiples mémoires à Taïwan, mémoires des insulaires, des aborigènes et des continentaux, se sont exprimées dans la poésie, qui échappe au devoir descriptif du langage narratif. La poésie apparaît alors comme le genre le plus adéquat pour souligner la part fluctuante de la mémoire, sa saisie incertaine comme son évolution imprévisible. En se demandant ce que le langage poétique révèle de la question de la mémoire, nous interrogeons des poèmes des années 1960-1980, d'auteurs ayant à coeur de soulever un passé douloureux, en Chine ou à Taïwan. Nous nous interrogeons sur les images, leur registre, leur rôle et leur valeur dans la tentative de garder le passé et de faire revivre le souvenir tout en se défiant de l'imaginaire. Anne Kerlan, Filmer pour la Nation : le cinéma d'actualité et la constitution d'une mémoire visuelle en Chine, 1911-1941 Résumé - Cet article revient sur les premiers développements du cinéma d'actualité jusqu'en 1941 à travers le travail du réalisateur d'origine hongkongaise Li Minwei. Celui-ci filma à diverses reprises les événements politiques autour de la figure de Sun Yat-sen puis de Chiang Kai-shek. Il participa en 1930 à la constitution d'une compagnie cinématographique, la Lianhua, qui accorda une importance toute particulière à la réalisation de films d'actualités. Nous nous interrogeons sur les objectifs visés par les producteurs, qu'ils travaillent en association avec le Guomindang ou pour d'autres types de projet. Ces films d'actualité, dans la diversité de leur contenu, constituent certes des archives pour l'histoire de la Chine, mais révèlent aussi des conceptions différentes de la mémoire nationale alors en construction. Samia Ferhat, Mémoire collective et images du passé en Chine et à Taïwan : débats autour de la représentation cinématographique de l'ennemi ou du colonisateur japonais Résumé - Depuis la capitulation du Japon en août 1945 s'est cristallisée dans la mémoire collective une vision particulière de ce pays et de son rôle dans la guerre qui en Asie orientale l'a opposé à la Chine et ses alliés, alors que depuis la fin du xixe siècle son destin était lié à celui de Taïwan. A travers l'analyse de films chinois et taïwanais, mis en perspective par un détour vers le cinéma américain, nous discutons de la façon dont la cinématographie explore ces moments du passé et en propose une nouvelle lecture par le regard attentif posé sur ses protagonistes, le plus souvent restitués dans leur singularité au-delà de toute fixation stéréotypée. Corrado Neri, L'Histoire n'est qu'un souvenir : mémoire et processus créatif chez Hou Hsiao-hsien et Wu Nien-jen Résumé - Hou Hsiao-hsien et Wu Nien-jen comptent parmi les intellectuels contemporains les plus influents à Taïwan ; ils s'aventurent tous les deux dans une évocation de l'époque coloniale japonaise, son héritage, son influence et sa mémoire. Cet article situe dans un premier temps les auteurs dans le contexte politique et social taïwanais par une analyse de leur oeuvre, de leurs textes et de la littérature qui s'est développée à leur sujet. Ensuite sont étudiés deux films traitant de l'époque de la domination japonaise et de ses conséquences sur la culture et l'imaginaire de Taïwan : Le Maître des marionnettes et A Borrowed Life. Danielle Elisseeff, Excursion dans le monde troublant des images photographiques Résumé - L'historiographie change à mesure qu'évoluent les techniques de production et de conservation de documents toujours plus nombreux et diversifiés. La note qui suit explore quelques pistes de recherche d'images relatives au début du xxe siècle en Chine. On y évoque au passage l'impact technique et social de la photographie sur la représentation du souverain à la fin de l'empire. Emmanuel Lincot, Ai Weiwei : entre engagement et mémoire Résumé - De par sa posture intellectuelle, l'artiste Ai Weiwei s'inscrit dans une tradition mémorielle. Celle de la contestation en milieu lettré tout d'abord. Mais aussi de par son attachement à des valeurs transnationales. En cela Ai Weiwei est une figure de dérangement à valeur exploratoire. Sa démarche bouscule les représentations et la mémoire. Cette dernière est mue par l'expérience. Elle ne peut pas faire l'unanimité quant à son interprétation, ne cesse de nous dire l'artiste dont on abordera ici les différentes réalisations dans des domaines aussi divers que sont l'architecture, la photographie ou l'édition. English abstracts Muriel Peytavin , The Courtesan in Painting : Idealized Portraits, Portraits of Reality This article proposes to examine a number of portraits of courtesans from the Ming ? (1368-1644) and Qing ? (1644- 1911) dynasties, within a tradition of Chinese painting where the portrait is not painted from nature or following a model but imagined according to literary texts that prescribe the principal guidelines in the matter of portraying people, specifically women. In general, a woman is treated as a general type and not as an individual person ; the image depicted is consequently an ideological construction before being a psychological construction. This article seeks to assess the ways in which artists made use of the individuality of certain courtesans and their stories, considered as a subject in their own right, by means of a pictorial treatment distinct from the painting of beauties (meiren hua ???) in order to express new ideals and unique qualities, but which failed, however, to construct a permanent image of Chinese feminine identity. Chan Tsai-yun, Memory of an Empire : The "Long March" of the Collections of the Palace Museum in the Context of War The Palace Museum, from its creation up to the present day, has maintained a close correlation with the political evolution of the Chinese world. It reflects the Chinese imperial period, the transformation of the political system of the young Republic of China and the divisions of the Chinese world. It equally bears witness to an extremely tumultuous past marked by the Sino-Japanese War and the Nationalist-Communist Civil War. This imperial heritage, divided between China and Taiwan, serves to evoke of all manner of memories among the populations for whom "Chineseness" is deeply rooted. Sandrine Marchand , Poetic Longing : Resistance to the Image in Memorial Poetry The multiple memories of Taiwan-memories of the islanders, of the aborigines and the mainlanders-were expressed in poetry, which avoids the descriptive obligations of narrative language. Poetry thus appears as the genre most capable of underlining the shifting parts of memory, its uncertain grasp as well as its unpredictable evolution. In asking ourselves what poetic language reveals about the question of memory, we consider poems from the years 1960 to 1980, from authors who are committed to bringing up a sad past, in China or Taiwan. We reflect upon the images, their tone, their role and their value in the attempt to retain the past and to bring memory to life while mistrusting the imaginative domain. Anne Kerlan , Filming for the Nation : The Newsreel and the Construction of Visual Memory in China, 1911-1941 This article re-examines the first developments of newsreel footage up until 1941 through the work of Li Minwei, a director originally from Hong Kong. Li filmed at various times the political events around Sun Yat-sen and then Chiang Kai-shek. He took part in 1930 in the founding of a film company, Lianhua, which placed a very special emphasis on the production of newsreel films. The article examines the goals of the producers, whether they worked in conjunction with the Guomindang or on other types of projects. These newsreel films, in the diversity of their contents, undoubtedly constitute an archive of the history of China, but they also reveal differing conceptions of the national memory then in the process of construction. Samia Ferhat , Collective Memory and Images of the Past in China and Taiwan : Debates Surrounding the Cinematic Representation of the Japanese Enemy or Coloniser Since the surrender of Japan in August 1945, a particular image of that county and its role in the war in East Asia that pitted Japan against China and its allies has formed in the Chinese collective memory, all the while its destiny has been linked to that of Taiwan since the end of the 19th century. Through the analysis of Chinese and Taiwanese films, put in perspective with a detour by way of American films, this article discusses the manner in which film explores these moments of the past and proposes a new reading by means of a close reading focused on their protagonists, most frequently restored to their individuality above and beyond of any stereotypical view. Corrado Neri , History is Only a Recollection : Memory and the Creative Process of Hou Hsiao-hsien and Wu Nien-jen Hou Hsiao-hsien and Wu Nien-jen are counted among the most influential contemporary intellectuals in Taiwan ; they have both ventured into evocations of the Japanese colonial period, its legacy, its influence and memory. This article first locates the authors in the political and social contexts of Taiwan by means of an analysis of their works, their texts and the writings that have built up around them. Then, two films that deal with the period of Japanese domination and its consequences for the culture and the psyche of Taiwan are examined-The Puppetmaster and A Borrowed Life . Danielle Elisseeff , A Short Excursion into the Troubling World of Photographic Images Historiography changes in relation to the evolution of the techniques of production and conservation of documents that are constantly more numerous and diversified. This research note explores several related avenues of research on images at the beginning of the 20th century in China. It raises in passing the technical and social impact of photography on the representation of the ruler at the end of the empire. Emmanuel Lincot , Ai Weiwei : Between Engagement and Memory By his intellectual stance, the artist Ai Weiwei situates himself with in a memorial tradition-that, first of all, of protest in scholarly circles, but also by means of his commitment to transnational values. In this, Ai Weiwei is a figure of at the forefront of disruption. His approach disturbs representations and memory. This last is driven by experience ; it cannot bring about any consensus in its interpretation, and speaks to us time and again of the artist we will approach here through his different achievements in fields that are as diverse as architecture, photography and publication.

Luxembourg companies have a legal personality that is separate from that of their shareholder(s). Consequently, they may enter into agreements with their shareholders as they do with third parties. However, when the terms and conditions of those agreements do not adhere to the arm's length standard, tax adjustments may be required in accordance with the concepts of hidden dividend distribution and hidden capital contribution. Both concepts aim at a separation of the sphere of the company (which is itself subject to corporate income tax on its worldwide income) from that of its shareholders. As such, the concepts of hidden dividend distribution and hidden capital contribution are cornerstones of Luxembourg's transfer pricing rules. In addition, in the context of associated enterprises (in a group of companies), tax adjustments might be required under Article 56 of the Luxembourg Income Tax Law ("LITL"). Hence, a clear distinction must be made between agreements that adhere to the arm's length principle and agreements that, motivated by the shareholding relationship, shift advantages from the company to the shareholder or vice versa. Therefore, each contractual relationship between a company and its shareholder(s) must be considered. Luxembourg tax law does not provide for exhaustive definitions of hidden dividend distributions and hidden capital contributions. Both concepts have their origins in case law of the German Reich Tax Court (Reichsfinanzhof) and have been carefully extended and refined through the years by the German Federal Tax Court (Bundesfinanzhof). Since the publication of the first edition of this book back in 2011, the Luxembourg Courts had to decide in numerous cases involving both concepts. This book offers a one-of-a-kind, practical insight into the tax treatment of hidden dividend distributions, hidden capital contributions and triangular cases. Charts, case studies and checklists aid the reader in identifying and assessing the various cases in which hidden dividend distributions and hidden capital contributions may arise. A new chapter with practical case studies considers situations that may occur in the context of multinational groups, Luxembourg alternative funds and individual shareholders. Reading this thorough guide is indispensable for an in-depth understanding of the concepts of hidden dividend distribution and hidden capital contribution. Tax advisers, practitioners and tax students should gain substantially from the insights provided in this book.

"Understanding Human Nature : The Psychology of Personality" is a seminal work by Alfred Adler, an Austrian psychiatrist and psychotherapist. Published in 1927, this book presents Adler's theories on personality and human behavior, which laid the foundation for the school of individual psychology. In the book, Adler explores the fundamental aspects of human nature, including the dynamics of personality development, the influence of social factors, and the significance of individual experiences and perceptions. He emphasizes the importance of understanding the subjective experiences of individuals and how they shape their behavior and worldview. One of Adler's key concepts is the "inferiority complex, " which he argues is a driving force behind human behavior. He suggests that individuals strive for superiority to overcome feelings of inferiority, and that these efforts shape their personality and motivations. "Understanding Human Nature" offers insights into various aspects of human psychology, including the formation of personality traits, the role of early childhood experiences, and the impact of societal influences. Adler's holistic approach to understanding human behavior continues to influence psychology and psychotherapy to this day.

Barbara & René Stoeltie both began their careers as artists and gallery owners. With René as photographer and Barbara as writer, they have been collaborating on interior design articles since 1984, contributing to such influential magazines as Vogue, The World of Interiors, AD, Elle, House and Garden, Country Living and House Beautiful. The editor : Angelika Taschen studied art history and German literature in Heidelberg, gaining her doctorate in 1986. Working for TASCHEN from 1987 to 2010, she has published numerous titles on art, architecture, photography, design, travel and lifestyle.

Until recently, there has been little concrete evidence linking the American Federation of Labor (AFL) to the U.S. government's Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the late 1940s and early 1950s. In this book, based upon recently opened archival collections, the author investigates this controversial and complicated early Cold War relationship. Contrary to arguments that the AFL's international activities were entirely controlled by the U.S. government to the detriment of the independent international labor movement, or that the AFL acted on its own without government involvement to foster legitimate anti-communist trade unions, the author's examination of the archival sources reveals that the AFL and the CIA made an alliance of convenience based upon common goals and ideologies, which dissolved when the balance of power shifted away from the AFL and into the hands of the CIA. In addition to tracing the complicated historical threads which resulted in an apparently unlikely relationship, three specific examples of how the AFL worked with the CIA are investigated in this book : the development of the anti-communist trade union federation Force Ouvrière in France ; the AFL campaign against the Soviet Union's use of "slave labor" at the UN ; and labor's role in the activities of the National Committee for a Free Europe, including Radio Free Europe and the Free Trade Union Center in Exile.

This book springs from the practical interaction of two absorbing interests : in covenant, thanks to many years of lecturing on the Scriptures, in which covenants provide a sure road from start to finish of the Bible ; and in liberation, an interest sharpened by more than a decade of working in a Lima parish with people struggling desperately to break free from the cycle of poverty, oppression and premature death. Theirs is part of the struggle for liberation throughout Latin America and many other parts of our global home. Reflecting with the poor on their situation in the light of the Scriptures has led to a fuller realization that covenant and liberation are two sides of the same coin - liberation is for covenant, and covenant is to consolidate and promote freedom as befits God's family. First comes a synthesis of the biblical covenants, indicating their continuity but also the unique characteristics of each one. Special attention is paid to the new covenant, often reflected in terms of kingdom, community, family and mutual love. Then it is indicated how new light may be drawn from such a central biblical theme in order to view correctly and share personally in today's liberation struggles.

This important book presents a comprehensive history of St Bartholomew the Great, the oldest parish church in London. In 2023, the Priory Church and Hospital will celebrate the 900th anniversary of their foundation. At the heart of the Smithfield area, with its hospital, pubs, restaurants and market, is a church built when Henry I, son of William the Conqueror, was King of England. Overlooking the fields where kings confronted rebellions, knights jousted and heretics were burnt, St Bartholomew's Priory and Hospital played a central role in the history of medieval London. Partially torn down by order of Henry VIII during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the Priory was reborn as a parish church. It served the City of London through the tumultuous years of the Reformation and the Civil War and has played host to many of London's most famous residents. William Hogarth was baptized in its font. Charles Wesley preached in its pulpit. Benjamin Franklin served as a printer's apprentice in its former Lady Chapel. John Betjeman lived across the street and memorialized it in his poetry. The history of St Bartholomew's is a tale of miraculous survival and continual renewal. It came out unscathed from the Great Fire of 1666 and the bombs dropped in Zeppelin raids in World War I and during the Blitz in World War II. Its splendid Romanesque core has been added to by each successive generation. This volume - the first comprehensive history of the Church since 1921 - will survey the art, architecture and historical significance of the City of London's oldest parish church in a scholarly, yet accessible tone. Richly illustrated, this book will appeal to those interested in the history of the City of London, in medieval and Victorian church architecture, in funerary monuments, and in the history of the Church of England.

In previous studies, Jan Strybol pointed out that sculpture in Northern Nigeria - contrary to what is generally assumed - flourished. Wood sculptures could be found just about everywhere, with the exception of a part of the Far North. In this study, the author first examines the sculptural traditions of a number of peoples in Central Nigeria, in particular from the Jos Plateau and from the valley of the Middle Benue to the source area of the Taraba River. These peoples can be described as non-centralized communities where mainly art in perishable materials was produced by part-time specialists, in contrast to the centralized empires in the South (Ife, Benin) where full-time specialists created complex works of art in durable materials (stone, bronze, iron). Perhaps the most well-known ethnic group in the Middle Benue region among aficionados of African art are the Mumuye. Since the end of the last century, the traditional rites of the Mumuye have rapidly disappeared as a result of the advance of the world religions and with them the Mumuye sculpture so much admired in Europe and America. In addition to wood sculpture, Jan Strybol also pays attention to objects in bronze, iron, terracotta and other materials. Until now, these art forms have been very underexposed and have now almost completely disappeared. Finally, the author also elaborates on some artistic achievements of a number of little-known residual groups within the Mumuye territory, which can boast a rich art tradition.

Why are men, like other primate usually the aggressors and risk takers? Why do women typically have fewer sexual partners? Why is killing infants routine in some cultures, but forbidden in others? Why is incest everywhere taboo? Bobbi Low ranges from ancient Rome to modern America, from the Amazon to the Arctic, and from single-celled organisms to international politics to show that these and many other questions about human behavior largely come down to evolution and sex. More precisely, as she shows in this uniquely comprehensive and accessible survey of behavioral and evolutionary ecology, they come down to the basic principle that all organisms evolved to maximize their reproductive success and seek resources to do so. Low begins by reviewing the fundamental arguments and assumptions of behavioral ecology: selfish genes, conflicts of interest, and the tendency for sexes to reproduce through different behaviors. She explains why in primate species-from chimpanzees and apes to humans-males seek to spread their genes by devoting extraordinary efforts to finding mates, while females find it profitable to expend more effort on parenting. Low illustrates these sexual differences among humans by showing that in places as diverse as the parishes of nineteenth-century Sweden, the villages of seventeenth-century China, and the forests of twentieth-century Brasil, men have tended to seek power and resources, from cattle to money, to attract mates, while women have sought a secure environment for raising children. She makes it clear, however, they have not done so simply through individual efforts or in a vacuum, but that men and women act in complex ways that involve cooperation and coalition building and that are shaped by culture, technology, tradition, and the availability of resources. Low also considers how file evolutionary drive to acquire resources leads to environmental degradation and warfare and asks whether our behavior could be channeled in more constructive ways. Why Sex Matters is a compelling work of biology, sociology, and anthropology and a penetrating study of the deep motivations that underlie individual and social behavior.

In Each Child Is My Only One : Lotte Carlebach-Preuss, the Portrait of a Mother and Rabbi's Wife, Miriam Gillis-Carlebach, the daughter of Rabbi Dr. Joseph Zvi Carlebach (1883–1942), last Chief Rabbi of Hamburg and its surroundings, describes her childhood in the lively household of a rabbi's family with nine children, focusing on the special personality of her mother, Lotte Carlebach, née Preuss (1900–1942). The book starts with the history of the Preuss family, goes on to describe the marriage of Lotte to Joseph Carlebach, and portrays in detail their dynamic family life – until their deportation with their four youngest children to a Latvian concentration camp in 1942. The book is composed of two main parts. In the first section the reader learns about the events up to 1938, both inside and outside the Carlebach home ; the second section covers the years 1938–1941, in which there was a lively correspondence mainly between the mother and those of her children who succeeded in emigrating from Nazi Germany. This part concludes with several testimonies portraying the special personalities of Rabbi Carlebach and his wife and their devotion to the unfortunate who benefited from their unbounded assistance and altruism during the Holocaust. Many photographs are included in the book, several of them taken by Lotte Carlebach herself. The book is a unique and personal testimony about Jewish life in Germany during the years of persecution that relentlessly led to the conflagration of the Holocaust.

In many countries (part of) the rental housing market is subject to regulations concerning determination of rent and security of tenure. The author provides fresh theoretical analysis of these measures by taking into account special features of the housing market, like indivisibility, mobility cost and incomplete contracts. The impact a rent ceiling has on contracting, the allocation of the housing stock, rationing cost and on rents in the free housing sector is examined. In some cases tenure laws provide for tenure security and rules for the updating of rent while leaving the initial rent for new leases freely negotiable. The analysis shows that the efficiency of the market could be improved through this type of regulation.

Few artists of this century have exercised so wide an influence as Paul Klee (1879-1940). He was one of the most inventive and prolific of the modern masters, working in a dozen different styles, each of which he made uniquely his own, so that a work from his brush is unmistakable in any style. The forty-eight full-page colour plates in this book illustrate the unparalleled way in which he combined unrivalled imaginative gifts with supreme technical and formal proficiency, from the playfulness of such early pictures as Red and White Domes to the more threatening, bitter satire of the later work. Accompanying the plates are extensive notes and an authoritative introduction, which discusses Klee's life and the development of his thought and achievement. Douglas Hall is the former Director of the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh and an acknowledged expert on the art of Paul Klee. His essay on the artist, first published in 1977, bas here been revised, expanded and updated, to make this an invaluable introduction to an extraordinary painter.