Lazhari Labter

Is Lily-Julie just a projection of Nicholas's own desires ? Is reality just a projection of our own ideas ? The former is one of the central questions in John Fowles's novel The Magus ; the latter is the nucleus of constructivism. This study traces constructivist ideas and their transformation into narrative in The Magus. For long before constructivist theories were put forth, John Fowles confronts both the protagonist of his novel and the reader with the central constructivist theme : the construction of reality.

Parce qu'il n'est jamais trop tôt pour se familiariser avec tous les styles de musique, voici une nouvelle collection de livres sonores pour les tout-petits. Place aux légendes du rock avec 7 extraits de chansons en version originale. Tutti frutti, Elvis Presley See you later, aligator, Bill Haley Let's have a party, Wanda Jackson Croque la pomme, Danny Boy Choo choo boogie, Louis Jordan Rock and roll music, Chuck Berry C'mon everybody, Eddie Cochran

On the Sacred Asteroid, my mother the high priestess first gave birth to my brother Almagro, a splendid dark-skinned child who immediately took his place at her breast. I was born later, whiter than marble and every scrawny, because already in the womb my brother had pushed himself into my space. But even more frightful was our little sister, Onyx, bright red and with four arms. I, Albino, have now become Supreme TechnoPriest, and can tell my story.

"Soleil de nuit", pour manifester, au-delà de la mort et au milieu même de la nuit, la présence vivante et rayonnante de Jacques Prévert, de son humour éclatant, de sa tendresse chaleureuse mais aussi de ses colères ardentes. "Soleil de nuit", parce que cette image, apparue dans Lumières d'homme, premier poème du présent recueil, désigne aussi, un peu plus tard et ailleurs, le mystérieux éblouissement de l'amour. "Soleil de nuit", tel est le titre sous lequel Arnaud Laster, avec le concours de Janine Prévert, a réuni les textes écrits par Jacques Prévert entre 1936 et 1977 qui composent ce volume.

ARTICLES Vanessa GUIGNERY : Introduction. Contemporary Nigerian Literature in English : An Orchestra of Pluralities Madhu KRISHNAN : Contemporary Nigerian Literature, Literary Activism and Networks of Production in the Twenty-First Century Moradewun ADEJUNMOBI : Male Waithood and Radical Transformation in A. Igoni Barrett's Blackass Cédric COURTOIS : Visibilizing "Those Who Have No Part" : LGBTQIA+ Representation in Contemporary Nigerian Fiction in English Eleni COUNDOURIOTIS : Unruly Stories : Opening up to History in Helon Habila's Travelers Sule Emmanuel EGYA : The Ecopoetics of Flooding in Contemporary Nigeria Isidore DIALA : Paranoid Messiahs : The Military in Wole Soyinka's Later Satirical Drama COMPTES RENDUS Notes on Contributors Guidelines for Authors

In eighteenth century Germany goods were produced in manufactories as well as by independent craftsmen and artisans employed by capitalists. The manufactories using tools and manually operated machines foreshadowed in many respects the factories of the nineteenth century. State and local support for the manufactories was aimed at reducing unemployment, maintaining military strength and securing foreign currency. Although not all manufactories were successful they provided a valuable heritage of industrial and commercial skills which were profitable to later entrepreneurs. However, those who - like Karl Marx - considered the manufactories to be a stage in the process of industrialisation have been proved wrong.

On the night of the 31st of December 1943, two British commandos successfully collected a few samples of sand and peat under the very nose of the Germans posted at Ver-sur-Mer. Five months later, some 25, 000 men followed in their footsteps and landed on the same shores, codenamed Gold Beach. Barely had they landed, the British troops set out to building an artificial harbour, undoubtedly one of the finest technical feats of the Second World War. It was to prove a major asset for securing Allied supremacy in the months that followed the D-Day Landings.

He made his debut in 1963, in Tales of Suspense No. 39, wearing a cumbersome gray exoskeleton that looked more like a robot than a man. After a re-design, he became an integral member of the Avengers, and he fought evil at every turn ... as well as intense personal demons. More than fifty years and countless comics adventures later, Iron Man became a box-office smash, and one of the most popular super heroes in the world. With 192 pages of images, and text by Roy Thomas, The Little Book of Iron Man will be your favorite guide to comics' greatest armored hero !© MARVEL

Although it is traditional to see a certain kind of "realism" as the essence of fiction, in practice novels of course offer not a simple reproduction of experience but a throughgoing organization of it. The novel is, after all, a bourgeois genre and it reflects that bourgeois view of life according to which the world is there merely to be dominated and controlled by man. This study examines both Thackeray's early fiction, in which both the novel form and the manipulative society to which it belongs are attacked, and his later works, in which they are defended, and tries to determine the reasons for this change.

Staz, un vampire surpuissant et craint de tous, rechigne à sucer le sang des humains. Ce qui l'intéresse avant tous ce sont les mangas, les jeux vidéos et les animés. Mais sa rencontre avec une humaine tombée du ciel va bouleverser sa vie. Staz s'est fait jeter en prison par sa soeur Liz. Pour espérer en sortir, il se bat sans relâche contre des zombies, mais il se fait rétamer à chaque tentative et est renvoyé dans sa cellule. Pendant ce temps, afin de sauver Fuyumi dont le corps a commencé à disparaitre, Wolf va devoir affronter un démon mutant créé par Franken !! Le moment semble être venu pour Staz et Wolf de s'unir pour former un duo d'enfer et latter tout ce qui bouge !!

Outlawry, Governance, and Law in Medieval England evaluates the role of exclusionary practices, namely outlawry, in law and governance in England from the tenth through the thirteenth centuries. Traditional historical narratives dismiss exile, outlawry, and banishment as ineffective and weak methods of maintaining social order. More specifically, the pres¬ent volume reassesses these forms of exclusion in matters of politics, law, and society, as well as their influence on increased use of imprisonment in later medieval England. Outlawry, Governance, and Law in Medieval England is essential reading for scholars working in this field but is also highly recommended as a text for courses that assess medieval law and the practice of outlawry as well as the development of English Common Law.

Le présent ouvrage permet de découvrir d'abord vingt-deux circuits de vallées vosgiennes du nord au sud de l'Alsace, de la Lauter jusqu'à la Thur, avec quatre incursions dans les Vosges. Les cinq circuits suivants sont transfrontaliers ou transrhénans, permettant de faire un tour chez nos voisins badois. Quatre autres circuits suivent le cours des canaux de la Marne-au-Rhin, du Rhône-au-Rhin, de la Bruche et de Colmar. Enfin, pour les deux derniers circuits, nous irons dans les bois pour deux randonnées dans les forêts de Haguenau et de la Hardt. Ainsi, les balades se répartissent harmonieusement du nord au sud, entre Bas-Rhin et Haut-Rhin, entre plaine et montagne, sans oublier la Moselle et les Vosges. La variété des parcours permet de satisfaire aussi bien les cyclistes chevronnés que les randonneurs contemplatifs.

The Unparalleled Invasion is a rare political anticipation short story written by Jack London and first published in McClure's in July 1910 and later in the book The Strength of the Strong (New York, Macmillan, 1914). The story begins in 1910s China. Under the influence of Japan, China modernizes and has its own Meiji Reforms. In 1922, China breaks away from Japan and fights a brief war that culminates in the Chinese annexation of the Japanese possessions of Korea, Formosa, and Manchuria. Over the next half century, China's population steadily grows, and eventually migration overwhelms European colonies in Asia. The United States of America and the other Western powers launch a biological warfare campaign against China, resulting in the decimation of China's population. China is then colonized by the Western powers.

Contemporary epistemology and philosophy of science devote a central place to questions of the following sort : When are two conceptual frameworks equivalent ? Under what conditions is one scientific theory reducible to another ? This essay attempts to reach a clearer grasp of these issues by providing a logical analysis of intertheory translation and reduction. Taking first order logic as a starting point, several classical theorems on definability and interpolation are generalised so as to obtain a model-theoretic characterisation of some basic types of reductive relations between theories. This account is later extended by adopting a very general and powerful semantical framework inspired by abstract logic. In this setting it is shown how a richer class of intertheoretic relations can be defined, and how the structuralist approach to reduction, developed by Sneed and Stegmüller, can be critically evaluated.

Following the violence of Amritsar in 1919, Gandhi emerged as the leader of the Indian nationalist movement, and the missionary situation in India changed forever. Whilst most European missionaries lamented the loss of a friendly spirit between Englishman and Indian, a few took up Gandhi's challenge to make atonement for the wrongs of British imperialism. An American, Samuel Stokes, became a leading figure in the Indian National Congress and was imprisoned because of his pro-Gandhian activities. An Englishman, Verrier Elwin rankled officialdom with anti-British activities and was deported. This study repatriates Stokes and Elwin. It observes a continuity between their earlier missionary activities and their later careers as horticulturist and anthropologist respectively. It discerns in Stokes and Elwin and in other missionaries such as C.F. Andrews, Edward Thompson and Jack Winslow, a distinct strand of missionary thought and practice in the troubled inter-war years.

Fra Angelico offers a unique encounter with the celebrated painter, seen through the eyes of Monsignor Timothy Verdon. As an art historian and (like Angelico) a Catholic priest, Monsignor Verdon approaches the work of the only artist ever beatified through the theological lens it deserves, bringing together Fra Angelico's art and his faith. Praised by his contemporaries, by later art historians, and by generations of viewers, Fra Angelico's art is known for its exceptional combination of piety and painterly skill. In this book, Monsignor Verdon explores the spiritual and mystical foundations of the friar-painter's work, and traces his artistic evolution from his early work, to the frescoes for the covent of San Marco in Florence, his Annunciations, and the chapel for Pope Niccolò V.Lavishly illustrated with over 200 high-quality images, Beato Angelico illuminates Fra Angelico's art and his faith.

Soviet postmodernism is part of a long-term cultural development that began with the death of Stalin in 1953 and has continued on up to the present day. The book treats the early phase of Soviet postmodernism, which began to emerge in the late 1950's and lasted until the mid-1970's. Early Soviet postmodernism agrees with later, neoavantgardist postmodernism in that it distrusts modernist figures of thought such as utopianism, dialectical argumentation, and mythopoetic "grand narratives." Unlike late postmodernism, which appropriates these figures ironically, early Soviet postmodernism is still involved in a serious, agonized attempt to "correct" or rework them in a serious way. The epistemological failure of these efforts marks this literature as specifically postmodern. The book charts the development of this epoch in four important "genres" of postwar Soviet literature : in village prose (Nagibin, Solženicyn, Belov, Rasputin); in Vasilij Suksin's short stories about eccentric characters ; in Jurij Trifonov's urban prose ; and in the lyric poetry of Evgenij Evtusenko and Andrej Voznesenskij.

Jacques Cordier (1937-1975) is a painter whose renown extended beyond the national borders in his lifetime. He exhibited at Paris salons during the early years of his career, and later in galleries in Paris, Saint-Tropez and Italy. Loyal collectors also helped to extend his reputation before his tragic and premature death put an abrupt end to his creativity. A figurative painter trained in Paris in accordance with the precepts of the Return to Order, his work underwent a major artistic revolution when he moved to Saint-Tropez with Simone Armando-Barbier. Following in the footsteps of the Post-Impressionists and Fauvists, he immersed himself in the light of the South of France, which we find in his palette to produce works marked by the powerful personality of their creator. By bringing together the corpus of his paintings and drawings, this catalogue raisonné pays a well-deserved tribute to Jacques Cordier and provides an insight into his singular and original oeuvre.

Du Haut Koenigsbourg au Vosges du nord- 30 balades familiales entre 4 et 12, 5 kmRochers magiques du Taennchel, autour du Haut-Koenigsbourg, le Frankenbourg et ses roches, des vignes aux châteaux, dans la réserve du Taubergiesse, du bois de Sommerley au polder, châteaux d'Andlau et du Spesbourg, le mur païen du Mont Ste-Odile, la cascade de la Serva, Struthof, le sentier mennonite, le Donon, le sentier de sculptures, les Géants du Nideck, cerises et Séquoia, la Suisse d'Alsace, autour du Brotschberg, le Haut-Barr et les Geroldseck, l'oppidum du fossé des Pandours, la réserve du Rossmoerder, promenade dans la Forêt Sainte, les Chortens du Bastberg, de rocher en rocher, de la Heidenkirche à la Burg, du château aux bois de Rothbach, de la Wasembourg à Oberbronn, le circuit des châteaux forts, du Fleckenstein au Palatinat, de La Lauter au Kammerberg, le Delta du Sauer. - Une carte générale et une carte détaillée par balade ; - Des informations pratiques (durée, distance, accès au départ) ; - Des encadrés thématiques au fil des balades. En couverture : le château du Haut Koenigsbourg

Avant-propos, par Anne Teulade Articles Anne-Rachel Hermetet, On ne fait pas de bonne (éco)littérature avec de bons sentiments Lucie Taïeb, Un récit sans morale : de certaines vertus de la littérature face à la question environnementale des déchets Nicolas Correard, Zootopies littéraires : mises en scène d'une domination renversée (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles) Jean-Paul Engélibert, Comment faire monde à l'âge de l'extinction ? Trois contes philosophiques contemporains Gaëlle Debeaux, Fictions contemporaines de la forêt : le roman comme espace pour repenser nos modes de vie face à l'avènement de la catastrophe Judith Sarfati Lanter, Théocentrisme et écocentrisme : l'éthique environnementale d'Annie Dillard Bertrand Guest, Du mythe aux sciences et à la cité : les styles changeants de Gaïa Cécile Brochard, L'environnement au prisme des mythes guarani : "Ynipyru" d'Augusto Roa Bastos Anne Teulade, Donner à voir la confrontation des ontologies à travers le roman historique avec le Canadien Joseph Boyden Crystel Pinçonnat, Avec la terre en héritage, ou l'éthique environnementale du roman amérindien contemporain Résumés Abstracts

Normandy, France, January 15, 1943. The weather is clear, the sun is shining. Two Royal Canadian Air Force aircraft fly over the Bayeux-Caen railroad. The target is a German freight train - and its locomotive. Aboard the first Spitfire, Sergeant Ferguson is aligning his gun sights on the target. It is 02 : 30 p. m. This will be his very last flight... HARASSING THE OCCUPYING FORCES TO PREPARE THE INVASION The RAF and RCAF had been flying hundreds of similar sorties over France for months, in order to weaken the German forces, particularly the Luftwaffe. The pilots of No. 401 Squadron were among those who took part in this patient work, made up of constant patrols and attacks. Among the 63 men mentioned in this book, 25 were killed in action between 1942 and 1944. A CRASH THAT AWOKE THE SPIRIT OF RESISTANCE Touched by William Ferguson's sacrifice, some French citizens decided to bury the young Canadian flier with dignity, honour and respect. The Germans took this as a provocation. A few weeks later, the Sipo-SD (the "Gestapo") arrested a dozen of them. They were sent to concentration camps - some of them later died in Büchenwald, Dachau and Mauthausen. Others did survive, including Paul Le Caër. He is the one who has supported the author and told him what happened. Today, he is signing the preface of this book. UNPUBLISHED DOCUMENTS AND TESTIMONIES Based on an in-depth analysis of unpublished documents, including the Fergusons' archives and No. 401 Squadron Operation Record Book, this work depicts the very last flight of the young Canadian pilot in detail. With a striking truthfulness, you will relive the squadron's daily life, the faith of the pilots, as well as the beginning of the sortie and "Bill" Ferguson's last minutes. FIVE YEARS OF RESEARCH AND EMOTION A young and talented historian involved in the field of remembrance in Normandy, François Oxéant has spent over five years fitting the pieces of the puzzle together. This book will help you discover all aspects of his fascinating investigation with a methodical and rigorous approach. He has met some of the last witnesses of the events and has been in touch with the pilot's family for a few years, making us share his emotion and admiration for Bill, who was barely younger than himself.

Marie was born around the end of World War II in a small village near Chaveniac-Lafayette where General Lafayette lived. It is the mountainous region of Auvergne known as the heart of France. Take Marie's hand and she will guide you through her humble childhood. Through her eyes you will see what it was like to live in the country in France. With Marie's many brothers end sisters you will participate in hay making, harvesting... At this time, they used traditional methods and tools. Her parents will demonstrate the making of bread, butter and cheese... It's here that you meet Mathias, a boy her age, who becomes her best friend. Later, their love story unfolds... Just after the war, it was a time when the French countryside was populated with farmers that still lived in economic self-sufficiency. In the story, the author makes these peasants from depths of France come alive. The feeling, the candor, and the authenticity of the book will remind you of the Little House on the Prairie

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), one of the most versatile thinkers of the nineteenth century, wrote on the newly emerging sciences of economics, politics and sociology. His Principles of Political Economy (1848) ran to many editions and is still read today, while his book on Utilitarianism (1863) is better known than the writings of Jeremy Bentham. On Liberty (1859) was written at a time when the Industrial Revolution, the rise of a sizeable middle class and its social influence, the growing democratisation of British politics raised questions about the place of individuals and the dangers of this new mass society. Mill placed much faith in this passionate and cogently argued plea for individual freedom, writing in his Autobiography : The liberty is likely to survive longer than anything else I have written... . The future was to prove him right, and his defence of freedom of thought and speech, of individuality and originality, later used to criticise the various instances totalitarianism in the twentieth century, is still relevant these days.

Few artists of this century have exercised so wide an influence as Paul Klee (1879-1940). He was one of the most inventive and prolific of the modern masters, working in a dozen different styles, each of which he made uniquely his own, so that a work from his brush is unmistakable in any style. The forty-eight full-page colour plates in this book illustrate the unparalleled way in which he combined unrivalled imaginative gifts with supreme technical and formal proficiency, from the playfulness of such early pictures as Red and White Domes to the more threatening, bitter satire of the later work. Accompanying the plates are extensive notes and an authoritative introduction, which discusses Klee's life and the development of his thought and achievement. Douglas Hall is the former Director of the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh and an acknowledged expert on the art of Paul Klee. His essay on the artist, first published in 1977, bas here been revised, expanded and updated, to make this an invaluable introduction to an extraordinary painter.

The paintings of the Belgian Surrealist René Magritte (1898-1967) have exerted an extraordinary fascination, particularly since the enormous increase in awareness and popularity of his work during the 1960s. Magritte shows us a world of silence and isolation in which familiar objects are altered or juxtaposed in 'impossible' combinations in order to create a sense of disorientation and the absurd. Many of his most memorable paintings date from his three prolific years 1927-30, when he lived near Paris and was in close touch with the writer André Breton and other French Surrealists. In his pre-war painting, stylistic concerns were of secondary importance to Magritte, and for the most part he concentrated on the relation between objects and words or between the image of an object and the object itself. He deliberately cultivated a cold, unemotive, 'style-less' style. This quality renders the violence and macabre sexuality of some of his works all the more disturbing. His own 'impressionist' and critics keenly responsive to the later work of other masters of parody and allusion such as Picabia and de Chirico.

Ten years apart, Marie Antoinette gives to Fontainebleau two jewels made by the greatest artists of her time : the Turkish boudoir (1777) and the silver boudoir (1786). In these homes of retirement, the queen escapes the label of the Court and combines a fancy Orient with the expression of the most extravagant novelties. The craze for turqueries did not fade in the early nineteenth century and the Empress Joséphine moved a few years later in this women's shelter offering a new sparkle to this universe of the Thousand and One Nights. She had a sumptuous and atypical furniture, which combines mahogany and gilded bronzes with lamé fabrics, embroidered and fringed with gold. After a painstaking restoration, the graceful carved, painted and gilded paneling of Marie Antoinette's boudoir is once again the setting for Joséphine's luxurious furniture. Nestled in a corner of the ancestral castle of Fontainebleau, the Turkish boudoir is the only decoration of its kind preserved in France and one of the most exceptional sets of furniture created for Joséphine.

L'histoire politique de l'Empire romain d'Orient au temps de Justinien (527-565) est d'ordinaire illustrée par quelques souverains à la postérité contrastée. Cet ouvrage étudie l'envers du décor de la cour de Constantinople entre 450 et 610, à l'époque où elle acquiert son existence propre. Il conduit donc du règne de Marcien, le promoteur du concile de Chalcédoine (451), à celui de Phocas, que l'on peut tenir pour le dernier empereur antique. Il repose sur une prosopographie des élites de cour connues pour leurs relations politiques avec les empereurs, mais aussi pour leurs liens familiaux, leurs origines géographiques et leurs orientation religieuses. Au sujet des individus répondant à ces critères, il discute le détail des carrières en particulier vis-à-vis des notices de la Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire. La question est abordée de manière chronologique. selon la succession des règnes impériaux : qui ont chacun valeur de test pour la configuration des élites de cour. L'origine géographique et l'orientation religieuse de ces élites font apparaître des groupes dominants et présentant une cohérence liée à ces deux facteurs. Les Balkans, l'Asie Mineure, le Proche-Orient et l'Egypte, tout comme le chalcédonisme et le monophysisme, occupent ainsi la scène des luttes de pouvoir dont la cour est le théâtre. Les solidarités familiales jouent un rôle longtemps sous-estimé et assez comparable à leur place dans l'histoire postérieure de Byzance. Des révoltes récurrentes invoquèrent souvent la légitimité des empereurs précédents. Mais ces contestation furent plus dangereuses dans les provinces que dans la capitale, et finalement peu menaçantes pour le pouvoir impérial, sauf au début du VIIe siècle. Si le personnel politique se renouvela fréquemment, il exista ainsi une permanence de certaines factions à la cour de Constantinople, qui acquit dans cette période une forme de stabilité. Le visage de la cour protobyzantine contribue ainsi à la connaissance de la culture politique européenne. The political history of the Eastern Roman Empire under Justinien is unusually embodied by few rulers with ambivalent legacies. This work studies the Constantinople court behind the scenes from 450 to 610, at the moment when it grew into a distinct entity. It thus spans the period from the rule of Marcian, the promoter of the Council of Chalcedon (451) to that of Phocas, who may be considered as the last Emperor of Antiquity. The approach relies on a prosopography of court elites known for their political ties with emperors. but also for their family bonds, geographical origins, and religious options. For each of the individuals meeting these criteria, career details are discussed, particularly in contrast with the entries of Prosopography of the later Roman Empire. The perspective is chronological and follows the successive imperial rule, each of them being studied with regard to the specific configuration of its court The geographical origin and religion orientation of these court Bites are main parameters delineating the dominant groups and cementing their cohesiveness The Balkans, Asia Minor, the Near East and Egypt were just as central as Chalcedonism and Monophysitism to the power struggles playing out in the court The importance of kinship loyalty during that period has long been underestimated, although it is similar to what is observed in the later history of the Byzantine Empire. Recurrent rebellion often harked back to the legitimacy of former Emperors. But these protests were more radical in the provinces than in the capital and ultimately proved to be only a tumor threat to the imperial power, except in the early seventh century. While the political personnel experienced a high turnover, certain faction still enjoyed relative longevity at the court of Constantinople, which gained a form of stability over the period. Studying the variation of the Byzantine court thus enriches our knowledge of European political culture.

This text offers a clear, efficient exposition of Galois Theory with complete proofs and exercises. Topics include: cubic and quartic formulas, Fundamental Theory of Galois Theory; insolvability of the quintic; Galois's Great Theorem (solvability by radicals of a polynomial is equivalent to solvability of its Galois Group); and computation of Galois groups of cubics and quartics. There are appendices on group theory, ruler-compass constructions, and the early history of Galois Theory. This book provides a concise introduction to Galois Theory suitable for first-year graduate students, either as a text for a course or for study outside the classroom. This new edition has been completely rewritten. Proofs are now clearer because more details are given and because the exposition has been reorganized (for example, the discussion of solvability by radicals now appears later in the book). The book now begins with a short section on symmetry groups of polygons in the plane, for there is an analogy between symmetry groups of polygons and Galois groups of polynomials. This analogy can serve as a guide to help readers organize the theoretic definitions and constructions. Several new theorems have also been included; for example, the Casus Irreducibilis.

This book provides an accessible introduction to the fundamentals of civil and military aircraft design. Giving a largely descriptive overview of all aspects of the design process, this well-illustrated account provides an insight into the requirements of each specialist in an aircraft design team. After discussing the need for new designs, the text assesses the merits of different aircraft shapes from micro-lights and helicopters to super-jumbos and WSTOL aircraft. Following chapters explore structures, airframe systems, avionics and weapons systems. Later chapters examine the costs involved in the acquisition and operation of new aircraft, aircraft reliability and maintainability, and a variety of partially successful projects to see what conclusions can be drawn. Three appendices and a bibliography give a wealth of useful information, much not published elsewhere, that includes simple aerodynamic formulae; aircraft, engine and equipment data; and a detailed description of a parametric study of a 500-seat transport aircraft. Introduction to Aircraft Design is a useful text for undergraduate and graduate aeronautical engineering students and a valuable reference for professionals working in the aerospace industry. It will be of interest to aviation enthusiasts.

When not familiar with the language itself, most readers over the centuries have had access to the ancient Greek texts only or mostly through (Latin or vernacular) translations. Such an approach is not only indirect and mediated, but also distorted and even impoverishing : meaning then prevails over the linguistic form and substance of the texts themselves. What do later or modern readers read when they read translated texts written in an ancient so-called dead language ? They read a given meaning - sometimes unfaithful, often inaccurate - dictated by a genuine understanding, the blind continuation of tradition, or an untold hidden intention. The complex range of significances conveyed by meaning simultaneously reflects the time and space (called synchrony) of when and where a text has been translated, the historical learning and linguistic skills of the translators, as well as their ideas and style. As a contribution to the perennial debate about translation (mere literary transliteration vs. creative transposition), this volume aims at analyzing some striking cases of various (literary or not) texts translated from ancient Greek showing how much for the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries aesthetics and ideology matter as much as - and often even more than - rigorous philology.