Indigenization of Language in the African Francophone Novel
Extraits
Littérature érotique et sentim
Indigenization of Language in the African Francophone Novel
Indigenization of Language in the African Francophone Novel : A New Literary Canon discusses the question of indigenization in the African Francophone novel. Analyzing the prose narratives of Nazi Boni, Ahmadou Kourouma, and Patrice Nganang, this book contends that African literature written in European languages is primarily a creative translation process. Recourse to European languages as a medium of expressing African imagination, worldview, and cultures in fictional writing poses problems of intelligibility. Developed to express and reflect Western worldviews and sensibilities, European languages are employed by African writers to convey messages that seem to be at variance with European imagination. These writers find themselves writing in languages they wish to subvert through the technique of literary indigenization. The significance of this study resides in its raising awareness to the hurdles that literary creativity in a polyglossic context may present to readers and translators. This book provides answers to intriguing questions centering on the problematic of translation in contemporary African literature. It is a contribution to current research aimed at unraveling the conundrum surrounding the language question in African Europhone fiction, particularly the cultural functions of translation in literature. Potential translation problems have to be addressed in order to make African literature written in European languages intelligible to global readership. With the advent of globalization, transcultural communication has become an activity of enormous importance to the international community. It is a subject of great interest to translators, linguists, language instructors, and literary theorists.
12/2010
Religion
Leviticus
Whereas many books in this field deal with individual aspects or texts of the study of family laws, Leviticus : The Priestly Laws and Prohibitions from the Perspective of Ancient Near East and Africa examines extensively biblical texts, ancient Near Eastern text, and oral traditions from Africa. Thus, three different cultures converge : the world of the Hebrew Bible, the world of the ancient Near East, and the world of Africa. This volume examines in detail the history of the development of ancient laws in general and family laws in particular, especially the laws relating to marriages between close relatives. Furthermore, Johnson M. Kimuhu looks at prohibitions and taboos in Africa and the problems they pose with regard to the interpretation and translation of difficult biblical concepts into African languages. In that sense, Kimuhu provides an example of how to contextualize or integrate African traditions into the study of biblical Hebrew, and he also offers insights into the current debate on the study of kinship from the point of view of social/cultural anthropology and the Hebrew Bible legal system. Teachers, students, and researchers in biblical studies, ancient Near Eastern studies, African traditions, and social/cultural anthropology will find this book helpful in their quest to understand family laws, prohibitions, and taboos.
02/2008
Non classé
Read Ancient African scripts from any current African language. Volume 2
The son of Douaouf, the brilliant, scribe of the early XIIth Dynasty Xty " Khety " said this : "The man continues to subsist after reaching the haven of death and his actions are beside him in a heap. " If regression is the main cause of the alarming situation of Africa and its tails the perceptibles consequences at all levels, the solution to this problem is eminently political. It inevitably involves the constitution of a pan-African State. For men, there is no unity without memory of the past. In fact, the construction of a federal state inevitably involves the restoration of African historical consciousness. There is no national and federal identity without a common language. The unification of Africa will only be possible if it takes the measure of its linguistic unification issue. To a lesser extent but like Cheikh Anta Diop in his book titled the Cultural Unity, I was animated throughout this heuristic by the idea that only the true knowledge of the past can maintain the consciousness and the feeling of a historical continuity essential to the consolidation of a nation for the purpose of building a multinational state in line with its past. Like Cheikh Anta Diop, I build my sureness on the legitimate idea that a people who lost a significant part of their historical memory must engage in the investigation of their past in every possible way. This investigation can take the contours of a reconnection with its past through so-called old languages. But a people can not live only with by merely repeating of what others tell them about themselves. The investigation through its linguistic past allows especially a direct knowledge of oneself. In addition to the fact that this knowledge simply highlights its weaknesses, it allows also to become aware by an introspective and therefore reflective of its real abilities and strengths. It structures being and the consciousness of being to resist any form of servile and degrading ideology. This quest for the past, not founded on blind passion but objectivity, nourishes a healthy ambition for a real universalism. To know one's past is already to project one's future. To know one's past is to give oneself the capacity to be able to bring to others in a perspective of giving and receiving. To know one's past is to refuse intellectual guardianship and wait-and-seeism. To know one's past is to be reborn.
05/2020
Non classé
Read Ancient African scripts from any current African language. Volume 1
The son of Douaouf, the brilliant, scribe of the early XIIth Dynasty Xty " Khety " said this : "The man continues to subsist after reaching the haven of death and his actions are beside him in a heap. " If regression is the main cause of the alarming situation of Africa and its tails the perceptibles consequences at all levels, the solution to this problem is eminently political. It inevitably involves the constitution of a pan-African State. For men, there is no unity without memory of the past. In fact, the construction of a federal state inevitably involves the restoration of African historical consciousness. There is no national and federal identity without a common language. The unification of Africa will only be possible if it takes the measure of its linguistic unification issue. To a lesser extent but like Cheikh Anta Diop in his book titled the Cultural Unity, I was animated throughout this heuristic by the idea that only the true knowledge of the past can maintain the consciousness and the feeling of a historical continuity essential to the consolidation of a nation for the purpose of building a multinational state in line with its past. Like Cheikh Anta Diop, I build my sureness on the legitimate idea that a people who lost a significant part of their historical memory must engage in the investigation of their past in every possible way. This investigation can take the contours of a reconnection with its past through so-called old languages. But a people can not live only with by merely repeating of what others tell them about themselves. The investigation through its linguistic past allows especially a direct knowledge of oneself. In addition to the fact that this knowledge simply highlights its weaknesses, it allows also to become aware by an introspective and therefore reflective of its real abilities and strengths. It structures being and the consciousness of being to resist any form of servile and degrading ideology. This quest for the past, not founded on blind passion but objectivity, nourishes a healthy ambition for a real universalism. To know one's past is already to project one's future. To know one's past is to give oneself the capacity to be able to bring to others in a perspective of giving and receiving. To know one's past is to refuse intellectual guardianship and wait-and-seeism. To know one's past is to be reborn.
05/2020
Non classé
The Inculturation of Christianity in Africa
This book demonstrates that the encounter between Christianity and various African cultures gives rise to a number of problems for Africans who become Christians. It draws attention to certain traditional African beliefs and practices that seem to be incompatible with Christianity and create problems for Africans who embrace Christianity. Against this background it argues for the need to inculturate Christianity. It contends that in this exercise African Christianity can learn from the attempts at inculturation found in the New Testament times and in the early church. It offers examples of how the early church sought to make use of non-Christian categories of thought and elements in its articulation of the Christian message and in worship. It suggests a few areas of Ghanaian and African life where inculturation could and should take place. These include funeral rites, widowhood rites, child-naming rites, the rites of marriage, libation and christology. It concludes by offering some guidelines for use in the process of the inculturation of Christianity in Africa today.
10/2005
Non classé
The Arrest of Ships in German and South African Law
The study compares ship arrest in German and South African law. It shows that in certain fields South African and German provisions do not deviate or are at least substantially similar. This fact makes the application of both laws easier for litigants and lawyers, either for South Africans in Germany or Germans in South Africa. The book contains a selection of articles, forms, paragraphs and sections applicable in the case of ship arrest.
03/1991
Non classé
Fiction, or the language of our discontent
This study concentrates on metafictional novels by Angus Wilson, Lawrence Durrell and Doris Lessing. The various methods and degrees of the built-in novelists' attempts to transform autobiographical experience into fiction are surveyed and followed by a discussion of the validity of mimetic presuppositions about fiction. The alternatives to realism are then discussed against the background of recent narratological theories.
12/1985
Non classé
African Image of the Ultimate Reality
The question of human existence and its ultimate meaning demand doctrinal answers. Such answers depend on man's conception of the Ruler of the Universe ; and on the answers depends man's attitude to life. This study explores and expands the Igbo answer to the question of the ultimate meaning of human existence in relation to Chukwu-God. It also seeks to open up religious springboards which will be of value to the Gospel-carriers in Igboland and to the inter-faith dialogue.
12/1984
Sociologie
Representations of Africa in American and Caribbean Studies N° 1 Dédembre 2021. 1
" "Africa has always shed its light onto the Americas. Although all the contributions highlight the representations of Africa or Africans in American and Caribbean Studies, they also underscore a common humanistic concern ; whether on society, culture or environment. Africa is known to be the craddle of humanity and the main inspirational source to a lot of world authors, especially the American and Caribbean ones". Pr Louis Mendy
02/2022
Ethnologie
Glimpses of african cultures. Echos des cultures africaines, Edition bilingue français-anglais
This book covers various aspects of African traditional cultures that include: communication, marriage ceremonies, funerals, traditional rites, witchcraft, traditional cultural activities, and traditional beliefs. It will undoubtedly appeal to anyone who wants to understand better our African cultures. The reading of some of the stories will certainly raise existential questions about the nature of spirits, truth, and the place of God in the collective mind of the Africans. Some of the questions are the following: how is it possible that a human being has his double in an animal known as his totem ? How corne that, for people who do not believe in reincarnation, it is the chief who determines the future of the soul of the deceased ? In "Mourning habits in the West province of Cameroon," it appears that, if the soul is not taken care of, it will cause physical havoc in the society. Could there be a link between our souls and the physical elements of nature ? Is skull worshiping among the Bamileke merely a traditional practice or are they really able to communicate with their ancestors through the skulls ? What has led the Aghem people to firmly believe that lakes can physically move, that the dead live in their lakes, that children live in their pre-human state as caterpillars and may transform into reptiles when they are still babies ? What makes it possible for the human mind to communicate with animais, exchange messages as is shown in "How animais and things can speak and communicate in the Yambassa culture" ? Apart from the physical world as we know it, could there truly be a spiritual world that witches and wizards have access to and which system of values could this spiritual world be subjected to ? Every single paper of the more than 80 papers and squibs this book comprises is truly an invitation to explore further the untapped richness of African cultures.
04/2011
Non classé
The Search for Lyonnesse
Although Mme de Lafayette is acknowledged as the founder of the modern novel, her precise legacy has been understood only in relation to male-authored texts. However, she wrote as a woman, addressing issues that concerned women of her day, particularly the problem of the apparent incompatibility of sexual fulfilment and the institution of marriage. This study seeks to identify how La Princesse de Clèves was interpreted by three of Mme de Lafayette's most talented women successors and to show how their more sombre and subversive view of society was mediated in works of fiction which have strong affinities with the contes de fées for which they are well known. The novels of Mlle Bernard, Mme d'Aulnoy and Mlle de La Force are significant, not simply for what they tell us about themselves as women writers but also for what they reveal about the origins of the eighteenth-century novel.
07/1999
Histoire internationale
Perfect fundamental values and the development of Africa. From African Renaissance to Illumination
This book is the result of fundamental research on the thorny issue of Africa's development. It demonstrates that the development of human societies is first and foremost a resultant of true, perfect and eternal knowledge, a process of conversion of the soul to the True, the Good and the Beautiful, before becoming a quest for material and financial means. To acquire this knowledge, one must resort to all knowledge that deals with life and man, beginning with that of God who is the source of this authentic knowledge. Man, made in the image of God, if he goes back to this source, finds the universal fundamentals of perfect knowledge which open to him the path of complete and eternal knowledge. This enables him to launch victoriously into development. All human cultures have this opportunity to resort to the original sources of knowledge : Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, Islam and animism. This true and perfect knowledge sets the man in the certainties that renew his intelligence and make him a new, perfect and creative being of development. All the people who have developed have gone through this salutary way. Africa cannot be an exception to this golden rule. With the assistance of CERCUDE and OVAFOPAC.
02/2020
Droit
Europe's Role in a South African Methodology
This work consists of essays on the so-called Middle Ages, seen from two perspectives. Writing from a sideline perspective, as opposed to the perspectives of historically mainstream theologies, in the first part of the book the author proposes a method for reading religious political texts with European philosophical insights but with a relevance for South Africa. This is done by comparing so-called Medieval texts with South African texts and situations within the demands of liberation, contextualisation, and communalism.In the second part of the book, from a female perspective, the author reevaluates the post-Biblical history of Christianity, criticising the terms "Patristics" and "Middle Ages". A South African women's theology is then offered as the outcome of the sideline perspective on the Bible, history and theology discussed in this book.
12/1991
Philosophie
Issues in the Philosophy of Language Past and Present
In the light of contemporary perspectives a good deal of traditional philosophical thought can be read as relating to the issue of 'Language versus Reality'. The chapters of this book vindicate this claim ; bringing together thinkers different both in temperament and interests like Plato, Aristotle, the Stoics, Aquinas, Heidegger and Gadamer they suggest that some of their major tenets reflect conceptual assumptions concerning linguistic meaning and reference. In trying to both identify and elucidate the assumptions at stake the author shows, both historically and systematically, that some of the problems experienced in the past as well as much of our contemporary concern with the same issue form a continuous line and a common endeavour ; and they have not yet come to an end.
11/1999
Non classé
A Study of English Nautical Loanwords in the Russian Language of the Eighteenth Century
This study is intended to give as full a survey as possible of 18th century Russian nautical and shipbuilding terms which were borrowed from English. The origins of the words are discussed and the date of each word's first attestation in Russian is given. Phonetic features and peculiarities of the loanwords are described, with special reference to possible English dialectal influence. A statistical analysis is given of the semantic aspect of the borrowings, which throws some light on the nature and extent of British influence on the nascent Russian shipbuilding industry.
12/1985
Littérature française
Sons of Fantasy
When we were children, we believed anything was possible... This book is a fantasy novel originally written for children. But, if you are a father or a mother, a teacher or a writer, if you still have some bits of fantasy in your soul... then, this novel is for you too. We all know how geniuses changed the world with their childlike Imagination, and how people use creative thinking to solve problems. This is a story about hope ; "Sons of Fantasy" shares the story of M. Alger, a father grieving for the loss of his dear wife, who left him with two beautiful kids. Norris and Socrates were adjusting to life without Mom... But things got more complicated when one of them was paralyzed because of a severe psychological trauma due to an overdose of fantasy... This family has a very interesting neighbor who lives a few feet away. He has a weird little hobby, reading books in the most unlikely places... He for example travelled to Romania and read "Dracula" by Bram Stoker in the Castelul Bran Castle, because it's said that the main character Dracula lived in it. And then all of a sudden he stopped travelling... He got a month ago a big long hat that belongs to the greatest witch that lived during the middle ages, "Moje Gayla". In fact, after being burned by the church, one of her relatives kept her belongings inside a wooden box... and in the twentieth century one of her grandchildren donated the box to "The Magic Square Museum" in London. Genius bought the hat at a public auction as an art relic to decorate one of his rooms. Could this weird neighbor be the reason of Socrates' psychological trauma ? Or maybe he is the one who will cure him ? And what has the hat to do with all this ?
08/2018
Histoire internationale
The power of hope. The First Lady of Burundi. My story
She was born in Mwumba, in the north of Burundi. Shy and hardworking, Denise Bucumi met a man, Pierre Nkurunziza. But in 1993, war broke out in this central African country formely known as "the Switzerland of Africa", taking with it the dream of a peaceful household. When the family's father left for the bush, Denise found herself face to face with her worst enemy : loneliness. What a lot of fighting and many tears to reunite her again with her family for a more beautiful destiny : the Presidential Palace.
07/2013
Sciences politiques
Pass or Fail?. Assessing the Quality of Democracy in South Africa
In recent years, growing concerns over the strength of South Africa's democracy appear to indicate a population increasingly disillusioned and dissatisfied with the quality of its implementation. This book assesses the quality of democracy in South Africa after 20 years of democracy in order to ascertain whether or not this growing perception is valid. Since the inception of democracy in 1994 there have been countless procedural and substantive improvements in addressing historically entrenched political, social and economic problems ; however, there are serious issues that have emerged relating to the quality of democratic implementation in South Africa. Two existing analytical frameworks of democracy assessment, International IDEA's State of Democracy framework and Leonardo Morlino's tool for empirical research on democratic qualities, TODEM, are utilised to assess the quality of South Africa's rule of law and institutional capacity ; representative and accountable government ; civil society and popular participation ; and freedom and equality after 20 years of democracy. The book concludes cautiously that while South Africa faces many serious and threatening potholes in the road to a fully successful democracy, there is nevertheless much to applaud.
09/1991
Littérature française
Georges Henein, Poète francophone d’Égypte. Préface de Cristina Boidard-Boisson
Georges Henein, poète francophone d'Egypte apporte une contribution manifeste à la discipline des études littéraires francophones et comble un grand vide dans le domaine encore à peine exploré de la francophonie au Moyen Orient. Cet ouvrage met en lumière la vie et l'oeuvre de Georges Henein, l'un des pères du surréalisme égyptien, souvent comparé à André Breton. Un premier chapitre analyse l'empreinte historique, littéraire et culturelle laissée par la France sur l'Egypte, de l'expédition de Bonaparte aux années 1960. Un second volet montre comment le mouvement surréaliste français a pris racine dans le pays du Levant au cours des années 1920 et étudie ses effets sur la littérature égyptienne avant la crise de Suez. Le troisiLe troisième et dernier chapitre est consacré à une analyse de textes choisis et tente de définir le projet poétique et l'orientation politique de l'auteur. Cette réflexion montre également en quoi les textes d'Henein sont une contribution majeure à la littérature française et francophone et pourquoi ils méritent une place centrale dans le canon littéraire du 20e siècle. Cet ouvrage s'adresse à un large public international et interdisciplinaire. Chercheurs, professeurs et étudiants, mais aussi non-spécialistes trouveront dans ce livre une source leur permettant de se familiariser avec le mouvement surréaliste francophone en Egypte, ainsi qu'Henein, ses oeuvres, et son époque. Un nombre encore limité d'études ont été publiées dans le domaine de la littérature francophone d'Egypte et beaucoup de ses auteurs restent largement inconnus du grand public. C'est à cette lacune que cet ouvrage tente de remédier. English summary : Georges Henein, French poet of Egypt provides a clear contribution to the discipline of the French literary studies and fills a void in the still barely explored area of the Francophonie in the Middle East. This book highlights the life and work of Georges Henein, one of the fathers of the Egyptian surrealism, often compared to André Breton.
12/1984
Non classé
Empirical Issues in Formal Syntax and Semantics
The present volume is a collection of studies devoted to major issues in contemporary syntax and semantics : in particular, argument structure, ellipsis, negation and scope. The papers included, which represent a number of formally rigorous contemporary frameworks, bring out new facts from a large variety of languages as well as novel solutions to a broad range of analytic puzzles. Part One illustrates the major ways in which argument structure is used and conceptualized. Part Two provides new perspectives on ellipsis, applying concepts and tools developed for focus, questions and quantification. Part Three introduces a number of novel proposals for the representation of scope, considerably enlarging the empirical domain of scope relations. These studies are unusual in that they combine an enthusiasm for detailed syntactic and semantic data and a serious concern for formal rigor. They discuss data from a wide variety of languages, including Japanese, Bulgarian, French, Greek, English, Italian, German, Hungarian, Inuit and Western Austronesian languages. The main themes of the book include negation, argument structure, ellipsis, indefinites, telicity, presuppositions, modality and quantification.
10/1997
Non classé
Towards a Cross-Linguisitic Assessment of Speech Production
The contributions to this volume by H.W. Dechert, A.K. Fathman, F. Grosjean, D.C. O'Connell, M. Raupach, K. Sajavaara/J. Lehtonen, H.W. Seliger and R. Wiese all deal with speech data from native speakers of different languages, or native speakers and language learners of the same language, or speakers in their native and their second languages. They are the results of various methodological attempts to assess speech using a cross-linguistic approach and represent an area of research which may be called "Contrastive Psycholinguistics".
12/1980
Tourisme étranger
Album MAP 2018. Images du Maroc
Dans le sillage de la COP22, la participation du Souverain au sommet du bassin du Congo adonné à notre pays une voix prépondérante dans le débat environnemental africain et un leadership incontesté sur cette question. L'Afrique à la quête d'une industrialisation pourvoyeuse d'emploi et d'un modèle économique plus efficient, ne devrait pas ignorer les questions clé de son avenir : la crise environnementale, la transition énergétique et les conséquences du réchauffement climatique subi. In the wake of COP22, the participation of the Sovereign at the Congo Basin Summit has given our country a preponderant voice in the African environmental debate and undisputed leadership on this matter. Africa, in search of an industrialization that provides employment and a more efficient economic model, should not ignore the key issues of its future : the environmental crisis, the energy transition and the consequences of global warming. Khalil Hachimi Idrissi
02/2019
Non classé
The efficiency of English language teaching in smaller countries: Denmark
The study is part of a wider comparative description of basic English language teaching in some of the smaller European countries, namely Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Sweden. This first survey offers a discussion of the main issues in English language teaching in Denmark based entirely on Danish sources and on observations in various schools. Denmark is an interesting case of successful English language teaching at school, mainly in mixed-ability classes, with a high degree of support via private TV viewing in a climate of favourable attitudes toward Britain and the U.S.A. The discussion is broadened by looking at teacher education, the role of English outside school and the influence of the English language on Danish.
01/1992
Critique littéraire
Le palimpseste africain. Indigénisation de la langue dans le roman ouest-africain europhone
Le palimpseste est un manuscrit sur parchemin dont l'écriture en masque une autre, première et originelle, que l'on peut tenter de reconstituer à l'aide de techniques appropriées. Dans le présent ouvrage, Chantal Zabus ne parle pas d'antiques parchemins, mais de textes littéraires écrits par des auteurs africains dans des langues européennes. Elle les déchiffre en rendant compte de la langue africaine, présente en filigrane, dans l'écriture ouest-africaine d'expression française et anglaise, des années 1960 à nos jours. Après une introduction sur la situation de diglossie et de glottophagie en Afrique et, plus particulièrement, au Sénégal, en Côte d'ivoire, au Ghana et au Nigéria, l'auteure se penche sur les diverses méthodes scripturales utilisées par les romanciers de ces pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Mis à part les notes de bas de page et l'insertion occasionnelle de termes africains dans le texte, on distingue divers autres procédés, dont celui du doublage - où le mot en langue africaine est flanqué de son " double" en langue européenne -, la contextualisation, l'alternance codique, l'ethnotextualité, la pidginisation et la relexification. En ce qui concerne cette dernière, la tâche du critique est philologique, dans le sens où elle permet de retrouver la trace de la langue africaine (ici, le ndût, le malinké, le dioula, l'igbo, le yoruba, le wolof) en filigrane dans un corpus important de romans et autres genres littéraires. Certains des procédés décrits ici sont sur le déclin tandis que d'autres sont en plein essor. Les deux éditions anglaises de ce livre ont reçu un accueil enthousiaste dans le monde anglo-saxon et l'on doit se réjouir de le voir maintenant accessible au lectorat francophone.
10/2018
Théâtre
New Territories. Theatre, Drama, and Performance in Post-apartheid South Africa
South African theatre, drama, and performance is a vibrant and rapidly developing area of contemporary theatre studies. In this critical anthology of essays and interviews, some of the world's most respected scholars and practitioners writing and working in the area of South African theatre today share their detailed examinations and insights on the complex and contradictory context of post-apartheid society. Loosely grouped into the categories of Theatre, Drama, and Performance, the essays collected here offer a sampling of work being staged, produced, and written in the country today. The contributors document, contrast, and analyse significant case studies, representing examples from site-specific performance to new South African plays, from traditional indigenous performance practice to the reimagining of Western classics. The anthology takes the year of South Africa's first democratic election, 1994, as its departure point and includes a broad range of topics that capture the current paradigm.
11/1987
Tourisme étranger
Moroccan tracks Volume 11. The sagho djebel
The Sagho djebel is the eastern extension of the Anti-Atlas, a volcanic mountain with granitic mamelons, basaltic organs, chaos of black shales, pink sandstones... at the gates of the Sahara. As far as the eye can see, large wild, arid spaces. A desolate land made for the lonely DPM. And for a thousand miles around, silence is the only companion. Absolute plenitude and the desire to take to the track. From flat expanses to rolling hills, from sharp relief to steep canyons : pure, original nature. The character is strong, rustic but the heart is soft. The colours are soft and gentle. Ochre, pink, brown, violet, the colour chart stretches in a gradation of shimmering pastels, sometimes accompanied by an overwhelming heat. Eldorado in the heart of the desert, rare are the oases ; modest green spots in the infinitely large, they are the reminders that we are on African soil. The wild charm of the Sagho is due to its exceptional geology : high cliffs and steep peaks, tabular escarpments and deep canyons in the middle of which caravans of camels and mules circulate. When you arrive on these immense plateaus, the lunar horizon is so vast that you want to go everywhere at once to see if it is really as beautiful elsewhere ! The Sagho also surprises by the richness of its lights : limpid like those of the nearby Sahara, or sometimes in half-tone, as in the neighbouring Dades valley. The Sagho is also the Morocco of the last Berber nomads, descendants of the ancient lords Aït Atta. In autumn, after leaving the snows of the High Atlas, they set up their dark wool tents on the slopes of the jebel until spring. They can neither read nor write, but they are sure of their way through the Atlas Mountains and the Moroccan desert. In the Sagho, they have built houses of unbaked stone, dug wells, planted almond trees, grown wheat, barley and various vegetables. Others built herds of goats and sheep, and caravans of camels. Most of them are now sedentary, semi-nomadic or nomadic...
08/2022
Non classé
Thackeray and the Problem of Realism
Although it is traditional to see a certain kind of "realism" as the essence of fiction, in practice novels of course offer not a simple reproduction of experience but a throughgoing organization of it. The novel is, after all, a bourgeois genre and it reflects that bourgeois view of life according to which the world is there merely to be dominated and controlled by man. This study examines both Thackeray's early fiction, in which both the novel form and the manipulative society to which it belongs are attacked, and his later works, in which they are defended, and tries to determine the reasons for this change.
12/1986
Littérature française
Willa Cather my Antonia. Unabridged Text with Introduction, Biography and Analysis
Willa Cather My Ántonia : Unabridged Text with Introduction, Biography and Analysis My Ántonia is a novel published in 1918 by American writer Willa Cather, considered one of her best works. It is the final book of her "prairie trilogy" of novels, preceded by O Pioneers ! and The Song of the Lark. The novel tells the stories of an orphaned boy from Virginia, Jim Burden, and the elder daughter in a family of Bohemian immigrants, Ántonia Shimerda, who are each brought as children to be pioneers in Nebraska towards the end of the 19th century. Both the pioneers who first break the prairie sod for farming, as well as of the harsh but fertile land itself, feature in this American novel. The first year in the very new place leaves strong impressions in both children, affecting them lifelong. This novel is considered Cather's first masterpiece. Cather was praised for bringing the American West to life and making it personally interesting. This edition includes the full original version of the Willa Cather's book and provides other valuable features under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, including a commented introduction, helpful bibliography, author's biography, notes, references, and much more.
05/2017
Critique littéraire
Radio pluralism in West Africa
RADIO PLURALISM IN WEST AFRICAThe present survey has been compiled from a project regarding radio broadcasting pluralism in West Africa. This project is part of Regional Programme of the Paris Panos Institute. It includes research as well as a back up plan for the development of radio broadcasting pluralism in West Africa. This survey covers ECOWAS 16 member-countries with the exception of Liberia which is excluded for political reasons. It has been monitored by a committee of participants who are all interested, for various reasons, in the development of radio broadcasting pluralism in West Africa. Surveys were carried out by african journalists and researchers.
09/1993
Non classé
Focusing in English and Korean
English and Korean have various ways of expressing grammatical prominence. While focusing in English has been studied over the past twenty years by a number of generative and functional grammarians, there is as yet no comprehensive treatment of focus phenomena in Korean. This monograph treats five focusing constructions of English and looks at their grammatical and lexical equivalents in Korean. English and Korean are different typologically. Since this difference is important, if one wishes to make sense of the diverging focusing strategies in these two languages, it is necessary to give a typological outline of English and Korean. The follwing two typological approaches figure prominently in this monograph : the basic word order typology developed by Greenberg, and the language typology proposed by Li and Thompson.
10/1991
