Stranger Things - Darkness on the Edge of Town - version poche

This book is the result of fundamental research on the thorny issue of Africa's development. It demonstrates that the development of human societies is first and foremost a resultant of true, perfect and eternal knowledge, a process of conversion of the soul to the True, the Good and the Beautiful, before becoming a quest for material and financial means. To acquire this knowledge, one must resort to all knowledge that deals with life and man, beginning with that of God who is the source of this authentic knowledge. Man, made in the image of God, if he goes back to this source, finds the universal fundamentals of perfect knowledge which open to him the path of complete and eternal knowledge. This enables him to launch victoriously into development. All human cultures have this opportunity to resort to the original sources of knowledge : Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, Islam and animism. This true and perfect knowledge sets the man in the certainties that renew his intelligence and make him a new, perfect and creative being of development. All the people who have developed have gone through this salutary way. Africa cannot be an exception to this golden rule. With the assistance of CERCUDE and OVAFOPAC.

This book is an invitation to informed and critical participation in the current debate on the role of digital technology in education and a comprehensive introduction to the most relevant issues in this debate. After an early wave of enthusiasm about the emancipative opportunities of the digital "revolution" in education, recent contributions invite caution, if not scepticism. This collection rejects extreme interpretations and establishes a conceptual framework for the critical questioning of this role in terms of concepts, assessments and subversions. This book offers conceptual tools, ideas and insights for further research. It also provides motivation and information to foster active participation in debates and politics and encourages teachers, parents and learners to take part in the making of the future of our societies.

This is the first fully comprehensive study on the 19th-century poet and art critic, Albert Aurier (1865-1892), in the context of his age. Focusing on Aurier's pivotal role in the development of French Symbolist art and aesthetics, the book explores his contribution to contemporary and subsequent perceptions of Symbolism in art during a period which saw the rise of art criticism as a genre in its own right. Taking Aurier's writings on lesser-known artists such as Henry de Groux, Eugène Carrière and Jean-Jacques Henner, as well as those on Impressionism, and Van Gogh and Gauguin, the study shows how Aurier laid the foundation for the interpretation of Modernist art.

Centrés sur l'image des soldats noirs américains de la Libération, les témoignages recueillis par Alice Mills en Normandie nuancent de façon positive - voire souvent contradictoire - les rapports militaires américains de l'époque. La parole libérée exprime aussi la gaieté, la sympathie et la reconnaissance que les GI noirs inspiraient aux Normands. English/French version Focused on the image of black American soldiers during the liberation of Normandy, the testimony gathered by Alice Mills sheds a positive light on - and even contradicts - the American military reports from that period. These freely spoken words of elderly Normans often express the joy, warmth and gratitude inspired by their black liberators.

Until recently, there has been little concrete evidence linking the American Federation of Labor (AFL) to the U.S. government's Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the late 1940s and early 1950s. In this book, based upon recently opened archival collections, the author investigates this controversial and complicated early Cold War relationship. Contrary to arguments that the AFL's international activities were entirely controlled by the U.S. government to the detriment of the independent international labor movement, or that the AFL acted on its own without government involvement to foster legitimate anti-communist trade unions, the author's examination of the archival sources reveals that the AFL and the CIA made an alliance of convenience based upon common goals and ideologies, which dissolved when the balance of power shifted away from the AFL and into the hands of the CIA. In addition to tracing the complicated historical threads which resulted in an apparently unlikely relationship, three specific examples of how the AFL worked with the CIA are investigated in this book : the development of the anti-communist trade union federation Force Ouvrière in France ; the AFL campaign against the Soviet Union's use of "slave labor" at the UN ; and labor's role in the activities of the National Committee for a Free Europe, including Radio Free Europe and the Free Trade Union Center in Exile.

Soviet postmodernism is part of a long-term cultural development that began with the death of Stalin in 1953 and has continued on up to the present day. The book treats the early phase of Soviet postmodernism, which began to emerge in the late 1950's and lasted until the mid-1970's. Early Soviet postmodernism agrees with later, neoavantgardist postmodernism in that it distrusts modernist figures of thought such as utopianism, dialectical argumentation, and mythopoetic "grand narratives." Unlike late postmodernism, which appropriates these figures ironically, early Soviet postmodernism is still involved in a serious, agonized attempt to "correct" or rework them in a serious way. The epistemological failure of these efforts marks this literature as specifically postmodern. The book charts the development of this epoch in four important "genres" of postwar Soviet literature : in village prose (Nagibin, Solženicyn, Belov, Rasputin); in Vasilij Suksin's short stories about eccentric characters ; in Jurij Trifonov's urban prose ; and in the lyric poetry of Evgenij Evtusenko and Andrej Voznesenskij.

Partir en voyage et explorer de nouvelles contrées sauvages, c’est la certitude de vivre des expériences inoubliables. Ce livre est la concrétisation d’un rêve ; il est à notre image …. Tel un Conte de Fées, d’un Continent à l’Autre, une aventure au milieu des grands espaces naturels de notre Planète. Dans les airs, sur la terre, sur les océans, partout la vie animale ne cesse de nous surprendre et de nous émerveiller, mais il faut prendre le temps de s’arrêter, de contempler, et il faut être là au bon moment pour en photographier chaque instant. Loin de la frénésie des hommes, les Grues, les Oies, les Cygnes, sillonnent le ciel de notre Planète depuis des millions d’années, répétant inlassablement leurs longues migrations, parfois d’un pôle à l’autre, comme les Sternes Arctiques qui traversent chaque année le globe, du Nord au Sud (32.000 km aller-retour). Sur les océans, il faut s’en remettre au bon vouloir de la mer, partir en bateau, suivre l’itinéraire des grands voyageurs et des premiers marins explorateurs, afin d’apercevoir de temps en temps la queue d’une Baleine émergeant des profondeurs océanes, ou approcher d’une colonie de Lions de Mer. Et au bout de chaque traversée en bateau, il y a toujours une nouvelle terre, une nouvelle aventure, un nouveau Continent, des espèces animales inattendues. Les saumons remontent le cours des rivières afin de retourner frayer sur leurs lieux de naissance ; les Grizzlis les attendent au passage ; et tout au Nord sur la banquise en perpétuelle évolution, l’Ours Polaire règne encore en maître sur les étendues gelées de l’Océan Arctique. De l’autre côté de l’océan, sur le Continent Africain, la nature nous donne rendez-vous avec une débauche de couleurs et de démesure. Assister au lever du soleil sur les hauts plateaux de la Vallée du Rift, descendre à l’intérieur du Cratère du Ngorongoro, c’est la promesse d’observer la grande faune d’Afrique : Lions, Guépards, Eléphants, Girafes, Hippopotames, Zèbres et Gazelles. D’un Continent à l’Autre, ce livre de photographies animalières est un hommage à la Nature et à la diversité de la vie sur notre Planète. Chaque photo est en elle-même une nouvelle histoire à découvrir. Travelling, it is the best opportunity to live some unforgettable experiences. This book is the accomplishment of our dream …. Like a Fairy Tale, from Continent to Continent, an adventure in the wild places of the Planet. In the air, on earth, inside the oceans, everywhere the wildlife is surprising us, but you need to take your time and look with your kid’s eyes, you need to be here at the good moment for catching every movements of the nature. Far away from the busy life of humans, the cranes, the geese, the swans, are flying in the sky of our Planet since millions of years, going for their long migrations, sometimes from Pole to Pole like the Arctic Terns that are crossing the complete globe from North to South (20.000 miles back and forth each year). If you want to find the marine’s fauna, to see the tale of the whale coming from the deep mysterious waters, or approaching the Sea Lions colonies, you need to take a boat, to accept the conditions of the sea, to follow the itinerary of the first sailors going to discover the world. At the end of each boat’s trip, there is a new land, a new adventure to come, a new Continent, some unexpected animal’s species. Salmons are swimming against the rivers for going back to the place where they were born ; Grizzly Bears are waiting for them on the way ; and in the North on the frozen ice, the Polar Bears are still the kings of the Arctic Ocean. On the other side of the ocean, the African’s Continent is showing us a rainbow of colors and diversity. Early in the morning, looking at the sunrise waking up the savannah, or going down inside the Ngorongoro Crater, gives you the opportunity to meet Lions, Cheetahs, Elephants, Giraffes, Hippopotamus, Zebras and Gazelles. From Continent to Continent, this book of wildlife photography is a wonderful tribute to Nature and to the diversity of the life on our Planet. Each picture itself is a little story, a little fairy tale.

From serious illness to natural disasters, humans turn to communication as a major source of strength to help us bounce back and to keep growing and thriving. Communicating Hope and Resilience Across the Lifespan addresses the various ways in which communication plays an important role in fostering hope and resilience. Adopting a lifespan approach and offering a new framework to expand our understanding of the concepts of "hope" and "resilience" from a communication perspective, contributors highlight the variety of "stressors" that people may encounter in their lives. They examine connections between the cognitive dimensions of hope such as self-worth, self-efficacy, and creative problem solving. They look at the variety of messages that can facilitate or inhibit experiencing hope in relationships, groups, and organizations. Other contributors look at how communication that can build strengths, enhance preparation, and model successful adaptation to change has the potential to lessen the negative impact of stress, demonstrating resilience. As an important counterpoint to recent work focusing on what goes wrong in interpersonal relationships, communication that has the potential to uplift and facilitate responses to stressful circumstances is emphasized throughout this volume. By offering a detailed examination of how to communicate hope and resilience, this book presents practical lessons for individuals, marriages, families, relationship experts, as well as a variety of other practitioners.

Presenting for the first time the Alexis Gregory Gift to The Frick Collection, this exquisite publication provides illuminating insights into Gregory's magnificently eclectic collection, cataloging his fine and decorative works of art in detail. Twenty-eight works of art bequeathed to the Frick by Alexis Gregory range from Limoges enamels to Saint-Porchaire ware to pastels by the Venetian painter Rosalba Carriera. This remarkable gift has introduced new types of objects to the Frick : works in ivory and rhinoceros horn are the first of their kind to be held in the collection. Gregory's gift includes fifteen Limoges enamels, one of them produced in the workshop of Suzanne de Court, the only woman known to have led an enamel workshop in Limoges. Also part of the gift are a gilt-bronze sculpture, an ivory hilt, a pomander, ewers, saltcellars, and two clocks. Many of Gregory's objects came from such prestigious owners as the French royal collections and the Rothschilds. Included in the publication are commentaries on each gift. This lavishly illustrated publication accompanies an exhibition that will be on view at The Frick Collection February 16 through May 14, 2023.

Penelope and Grandpa visit the Louvre Museum : the Mona Lisa, the mummies, the Venus de Milo... Penelope wants to see everything ! And what if she gives a pen to the Egyptian scribe... Penelope is full of good ideas... Would you like to help ? It's easy to do with the magic tabs.

With the promise of eternity, jewels bestow gifts of adornment and beauty on those who wear them. Their value is multifaceted : intrinsic, sentimental, magical, human. Since the dawn of time, these few grams of precious metals and gems have acted as distillations of the highest sentiments and catalysts of the lowest passions. Through its power and grandeur, jewelry has mirrored the human journey through the centuries, and French author and editor Fabienne Reybaud walks readers through all its facets while highlighting the world's most mythical stones and magnificent pieces, from the Hope Diamond to Elizabeth Taylor's La Peregrina pearl. Extensively illustrated with atelier images, original sketches and colorful photography, this volume covers everything jewelry enthusiasts need to know, including the club of five and the four Cs. It is accompanied by an essential glossary, the best museum collections to visit around the world as well as the budding designers to follow and a buyer's guide to investing in antique and vintage pieces.

This book contains more than 40 contributions from academics, specialists and practitioners in International and European law as well as transnational constitutional law. The articles focus on recent developments in these fields and in particular on legal aspects of development. The book is dedicated to Konrad Ginther whose own academic research and work have always been devoted to new developments in international law and the shift of legal paradigms at universal and regional levels. International law in transformation and the right to (sustainable) development as a legal principle have been important aspects of his work. The contributions of his colleagues, friends and scholars, published in honour of his 65th birthday, reflect the interplay of theory, dogmatics and the practice of development in international, European and national constitutional law.

Lydia, lying between the Aegean coast and the Anatolian plateau, has been associated since Antiquity with the Pactolus river, which carried gold from the Tmolus mountain, and with the wealth of Croesus. Populated by Lydians and Maeonians, and marked by the presence of Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines, it has attracted the attention of researchers since the end of the 18th century. This book aims to cover the chronology of Lydian studies from the protohistoric period to the beginning of the Byzantine period and to bring together the contributions of international researchers and scholars from a wide range of disciplines that includes history, archeology, epigraphy, and numismatics, and from different perspectives. The various studies discuss society, social structures, military aspects, economy, religion, arts, architecture, and material culture. This diachronic approach makes it possible in particular to question continuity and discontinuity between the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods, as well as with those that preceded them.

In his own time, the court wit Sir Charles Sedley (1639-1701) was praised for his poetic skill rather than for his dramatic talent. Yet, as this old-spelling critical edition of his two comedies shows, Sedley was also a satirist whose plays are worth reading along with the ones of his more celebrated fellow-artists Etherege, Wycherley, and Shadwell. After a biographical introduction, a detailed analysis of the plays and characters concentrates on Sedley's satiric strategies which lambaste the marriage of convenience as well as the conduct of a hypocritical and materialistic society.

Ce 11 juillet 2016, John Harkness n'imagine pas où il a mis les pieds. De passage à Paris, cet Ecossais pense avoir pris place dans une salle de cinéma. Quand, une vague de chansons déferle sur lui, le ramenant quarante ans en arrière... de Glasgow aux Highlands. Un "rock-movie" effréné qui nous embarque dans une course-poursuite avec son passé, jusqu'à la collision frontale avec ses convictions et la vérité. Comment a-t-il pu oublier cette nuit-là ?

Why is the conflict between Israel and Palestine still unresolved ? What are the Israeli and Palestinian strategies and how have they evolved over the past 75 years ? What are the relations between Israel, Palestine and its neighbors ? Why did Operation Deluge Al Aqsa take place ? What has happened on the ground since October 7 ? What is the impact of this conflict on our security ? What are the possible options for Israel and Palestine in the coming years ? Following on from his best-selling books Putin, the Master of the Game, Operation Z and Ukraine Between War and Peace, which won international acclaim for their analysis, Jacques Baud revisits the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from its origins, analyzes the "Deluge Al Aqsa" operation of October 7, 2023, and in particular its impact on the region and Western countries, and explains the workings of Israeli intelligence services in matters of terrorism. Colonial Jacques Baud is a former member of the Swiss Strategic Intelligence, a specialist in Eastern Europe and former head of Doctrine of the United Nations Peace Operations. Within NATO, hewas involved in programs in Ukraine, including after the Maidan Revolution of 2014 and 2017. He is the author of several books on intelligence, war and terrorism, including Putin, Game master ? , Governing by Fake News and The Navalny Affair, all published by Max Milo.

Questions about personal identity and about time affect us all. The concern for "our" future and the fear of "our" death are based on (mostly vague) concepts of personal identity over time. Though the atomic components of our present body are not identical with the ones shown on our childhood photos, we have no doubts in recognizing ourselves on those pictures. Similarly, we are convinced that "we" will be able to recognize "ourselves" on our present passport-photos even in the future. Is this confidence justified ? If it is not, our conception of life and death would be as faulty as was the image of the universe in the Middle Ages.

Venetian Disegno : New Frontiers circa 1420 to 1620 offers a fresh perspective on the art of Venice and the Veneto. The volume brings together the contributions of scholars and curators specialist on a wide variety of artists and art forms including drawing, painting, printmaking, sculpture and architecture. Venetian Disegno : New Frontiers circa 1420 to 1620 takes disegno as its central theme, that in its plurality of meaning allows for a consideration of the conceptual role of design and the act of drawing. The relationship between disegno and Renaissance Venetian art has historically been a problematic one, with emphasis instead being placed on the Venetian predilection for colore. This volume is reflective of an ongoing challenge to this perspective and draws attention to the importance of Venetian disegno and the study of drawings for understanding various art forms. The book commences with a critical study of what constitutes disegno in Venetian art. It does so through questioning the historiography of Venetian artistic scholarship and the restrictive framework and preconceptions that have emerged before setting out the merits of a broader, more inclusive approach. Disegno is applied in its multifaceted nature to address the physical act of drawing, the tangible drawn object and the role of design in artistic practice. The term 'Venetian' is taken to encompass both Venice and its mainland territories not least because of the mobility of artists across and beyond the region. Contributions are divided into five thematic sections. The first, entitled 'Peripheries', frames the art of Venice within a wider discourse on the movement of ideas across and beyond the Veneto in locations including Padua, Verona and Rome. A section on Media considers the origins and innovations that took place in the use of materials such as blue paper, oil and coloured chalks. In another, the theories that have developed on Venetian notions of disegno are brought under scrutiny, addressing topics such as the long upheld perspective that Venetian artists did not draw, the role of sculpture in Tintoretto's drawing practice and the interrelation between the written and drawn line in Palma Giovane's draftsmanship. The section on Invention reflects on the technical innovations that were facilitated through the uptake of printmaking and the intellectual freedom granted by humanist patrons. Finally, Function gets to the heart of the practical purpose of disegno. Contributions focus on the workshops of the Bellini family and Titian to consider the diverse ways they used drawing within their artistic practices with an emphasis on technical analysis. These sections are all preceded by introductions that provide an overview on each theme while the volume is bookended by two reflections on the state of research into Venetian disegno and the potential for further progress. Sumptuously illustrated with over 100 images with a comprehensive bibliography, Venetian Disegno : New Frontiers circa 1420 to 1620 represents a significant contribution to scholarship on the art of Venice, Renaissance workshops and drawing studies.

In 1896 A. Sommerfeld published his famous paper "Zur Theorie der Diffraktion" in vol. 47 of the "Mathematische Annalen". His investigations initiated the study of boundary value problems in scattering theory. A long series of research works on general mixed boundary value problems sprang up then. Boundary integral equations together with the Wiener-Hopf method have been generalized and are now a basis for analytical and numerical studies by many mathematicians and engineers working on wave diffraction problems. Commemorating the centenary of Sommerfeld's paper, the aim of this conference is to join the experts and young researchers to present surveys and new results.

New, corrected edition of MacMillan's breakthrough work, a sensation at the 1990 BBC Proms. The work is now firmly established in the contemporary orchestral repertoire worldwide and championed by leading conductors. Isobel Gowdie, from Nairn, Scotland, was publically executed in 1662 amid scenes of hysterical fright and sadism, one of 4, 500 who perished during the Scottish Reformation because their contemporaries thought they were witches. The composer remarks, "Initially I was drawn by the dramatic and programmatic potential of this insane and terrible story but the work soon developed a far more emotional core as I attempted to draw together various strands in a single, complicated act of contrition. On behalf of the Scottish people the work craves absolution and offers Isobel Gowdie the mercy and humanity that was denied her in the last days of her life. To do this I have tried to capture the soul of Scotland in music, and the outer sections contain a multitude of chants, songs and litanies (real and imagined) coming together in a reflective outpouring - a prayer for the murdered woman. This work is the Requiem that Isobel Gowdie never had". Instrumentation : orchestra

This guide describes the Elbe Cycle route which runs from the river's source in the Krkonose mountains on the Czech/Polish border to Cuxhaven, on the German North Sea coast. Possibly the easiest long-distance cycle route in Europe in terms of gradient, it visits a part of the continent that was mostly inaccessible to foreigners before the fall of Communism in 1989 and which has changed dramatically since opening up to visitors. On its gentle descent to the sea, the route passes through many small towns that were ignored during the Communist period but have now reemerged as medieval gems, as well as larger cities such as Prague, Dresden and Magdeburg which have been rebuilt and restored since the fall of the Iron Curtain.

Critical attempts to evaluate Kleist's fictional world, e.g. as ordered or disordered, accessible or resistant to reason, face a hermeneutic problem : the material and psychological embeddedness of the characters in the very world they seek to understand. This problem is reflected not only in the less-than-omniscient perspective of Kleist's narrators, but also in the reader's confrontation with competing readings of events in terms of mythic absolutes and with the opaquely concrete quality of spatial metaphors. In this light, three new interpretations offer insight into such problems as the nature of the idyll in "Das Erdbeben in Chili," the Marquise von O...'s creative self-imprisonment, and the gypsy's apparently supernatural intervention in Kohlhaas' quest. Finally, the book presents a dynamic typology of spatial phenomena in the stories which accounts for Kleist's concern with the interpretive process as opposed to its presumed endpoint.

Sylvain BRIENS, La mondialisation du théâtre nordique à la fin du XIXe siècle. Le fonds Prozor de la Bibliothèque nordique de Paris lu au prisme de la sociologie de l'acteur-réseau, RLC LXXXIX, n° 2, avril-juin 2015, p. 137-150. Le fonds Prozor de la bibliothèque nordique de Paris témoigne de la percée du théâtre scandinave en France et en Europe à la fin du XIXe siècle. Par l'analyse du travail du traducteur Prozor, des porte-paroles et intermédiaires agissant comme médiateurs, des points de passage, cet article examine les mécanismes de diffusion internationale du théâtre nordique, il s'articule autour de trois acteursréseaux : Prozor dans sa fonction complexe d'agent littéraire ; Paris et ses chaines de traduction ; le réseau de théâtres libres dans sa fonction de diffusion mondiale du théâtre nordique. Thomas MOHNIKE, "Le Dieu Thor, la plus barbare d'entre les barbares divinités de la Vieille Germanie" . Quelques observations pour une théorie des formes narratives du savoir social en circulation culturelle, RLC LXXXIX, n° 2, avril-juin 2015, p. 151-164. En 1915, l'imprimerie d'Epinal, connue pour ses estampes amusantes, publia un résumé symbolique des événements de la première année de la Première Guerre mondiale. Sur cette gravure, le dieu norrois Thor est présenté comme le dieu du Kaiser allemand, détruisant des cathédrales gothiques et ainsi la civilisation. Thor symbolisait ainsi la nature prétendument barbare des Allemands. Cet article se propose de cartographier les chemins et opérations historiques qui conduisirent le dieu nordique Thor de l'Islande du XIIIe siècle en France du XXe siècle en le transformant en symbole de l'hostilité allemande. Des contextes importants sont l'Anneau de Nibelung de Richard Wagner et tout particulièrement la philologie comparée. Ces observations peuvent servir de point de départ pour une théorie des formes narratives du savoir social en circulation culturelle. Régis BOYER, Méditation sur Rosmersholm, RLC LXXXIX, n° 2, avril-juin 2015, p. 165-173. De l'avis de tous les connaisseurs, Rosmersholm (1886) est le chef-d'oeuvre d'Ibsen, même si ce n'est ni la plus connue ni la plus fréquemment jouée de ses pièces. On peut se demander pourquoi. Cette pièce, extrêmement difficile à jouer, est favorable à toutes les confusions ou erreurs d'interprétation possibles, pièce dont il est permis d'avancer qu'Ibsen n'est jamais allé aussi loin dans sa quête du tragique. Cet article cherche à élucider les modalités et les raisons d'un tel chef-d'oeuvre dans une perspective moderniste. Sans entrer dans la discussion sur le post-tragique, il s'agit de cerner ce qui fait en soi l'originalité moderne de cette étrange pièce. Corinne FRANCOIS-DENEVE, Anne Charlotte Leffler, dans l'ombre portée de Strindberg, RLC LXXXIX, n° 2, avril-juin 2015, p. 175-186. "Auteure" prolifique du "genombrott" suédois, "féministe" affichée, dont les pièces étaient davantage populaires que celles d'August Strindberg, Anne Charlotte Leffler a peu à peu disparu des anthologies de la littérature scandinave. En a-t-elle été chassée par des critiques phallocrates, comme ont pu le clamer les partisans des gender studies dans les années 1970 ? Son oeuvre était-elle trop datée ? La redécouverte récente de son théâtre, en Suède, puis en France, permet de recontextualiser cette "oubliée" qui a sans doute toujours des choses à dire. Harri VEIVO, Cosmopolite en crise. Décentrements de modernité et fractures de subjectivité dans les récits de voyage d'Olavi Paavolainen, RLC LXXXIX, n° 2, avril-juin 2015, p. 187-203. Dans les années 20 et 30, l'écrivain finlandais Olavi Paavolainen (1903-1964) s'est donné la tâche d'interroger et analyser la modernité dans toutes ses manifestations et dans tous les lieux où elle se fait ressentir. Ce projet l'amène à s'intéresser d'abord à la modernité jouissive et émancipatrice des années folles, ensuite à la montée du totalitarisme en Europe et, après ce tournant dysphorique, aux pays de l'Amérique latine, jugés capables de transcender les conflits européens. Les récits de voyage de Paavolainen produisent ainsi un décentrement de la modernité ; en même temps, ils expriment la crise de la subjectivité de l'auteur, fondée sur l'idéal européen du cosmopolitisme. Philippe CHARDIN, Un beau roman d'éducation estonien : Vérité et Justice d'Anton Tammsaare, RLC LXXXIX, n° 2, avril-juin 2015, p. 205-217. Le long chef-d'oeuvre de Tammsaare, écrit durant l'après-guerre et retraçant 50 ans d'histoire de l'Estonie, apparaît comme une synthèse extraordinairement originale de plusieurs genres européens différents parmi lesquels un roman rural dans sa première partie et un roman du Crime et du Châtiment, sorte de tragédie familiale du péché originel ; mais on remarque aussi de fortes analogies avec trois formes de romans d'éducation : un roman pédagogique tragi-comique à l'Ecole de M. Maurus, le roman d'une éducation sentimentale douloureuse et par-dessus tout un roman de la transformation d'un jeune homme qui vient de son village en intellectuel avec son ironie dévastatrice contre toutes les valeurs sociales et religieuses, sa "conscience malheureuse" et ses engagements à demi forcés dans la vie politique ou dans sa vie privée qui rappellent d'autres grands romans contemporains, de Musil, de Proust, de Thomas Mann et de Svevo. Frédérique TOUDOIRE-SURLAPIERRE, Phèdre et la Suède : un "décentrement de modèles" ?, RLC LXXXIX, n° 2, avril-juin 2015, p. 219-230. Cet article examine, à partir de la pièce de l'écrivain suédois, Per Olov Enquist, Till Fedra, les modalités et les enjeux de ce transfert culturel que constitue cette réécriture de la célèbre tragédie de Racine. Utilisant les ressources scientifiques de l'imagologie et de l'ethnocritique, cet article met en évidence les différentes opérations de ce que nous avons appelé un "décentrement de modèles" , par le biais de la déconstruction de la langue française, de l'oedipianisation du mythe, un transfert d'images et un déplacement de concepts. Mickaëlle CEDERGREN et Ylva LINDBERG, Vers un renouvellement du canon de la littérature francophone. Les enjeux de l'enseignement universitaire en Suède, RLC LXXXIX, n° 2, avril-juin 2015, p. 231-243. Même si la circulation de la littérature francophone est aujourd'hui en pleine expansion à travers le monde, sa diffusion et, par conséquent, sa place dans les circuits de canonisation, reste encore inégale. Cet article analyse la place octroyée aux lettres francophones dans l'enseignement universitaire du français langue étrangère en Suède. Proposant une réflexion sur le canon littéraire traditionnel et montrant la nécessité de reconsidérer sa valeur dans un contexte universitaire étranger, la Suède apparaît tantôt comme le pays promoteur de la haute-culture française tantôt comme le bastion des littératures francophones souvent contemporaines et/ou de la littérature couronnée de prix littéraires. Sylvain BRIENS, The globalization of Nordic Theatre. The Prozor collection at the Nordic library in Paris read through the Actor-network Theory, RLC LXXXIX (in French), no. 2, april-june 2015, p. 137-150. The Prozor collection at the Nordic library in Paris demonstrates the breakthrough of Scandinavian theatre in France and Europe at the end of the 19th Century. Through an analysis of Prozor's translations, the work of spokespeople and intermediaries acting as mediators, and points of passage this article will attempt to understand the mechanisms promoting Nordic theatre's international distribution. The study is centred on three actor-networks : Prozor in his complex function as literary agent ; Paris and its translation supply chains ; the network of free theatres in its role in the worldwide distribution of Nordic theatre. Thomas MOHNIKE, "The god Thor, the most barbarous of all barbarous gods of the Old Germany". Some observations for a theory of narrating forms of social knowledge in cultural circulation, RLC LXXXIX (in French), no. 2, apriljune 2015, p. 151-164. In 1915, the Epinal printing company, known for its often amusing illustrated one page prints, published a summary of the first year of the First World War, depicting the Old Norse God Thor as the god of the German Kaiser, destroying gothic cathedrals and thus civilization. Thor thus served as symbol for the supposedly barbarous nature of the Germans. In my article, I try to map some of the ways and historical operations that took the Old Norse god Thor from 13th century Iceland to 20th century France and transformed him to a symbol for German warfare. Major contexts appear to be Richard Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung and particularly comparative philology. These observations, I propose, could serve as a starting point for a theory of narrating forms of social knowledge in cultural circulation. Régis BOYER, Meditation on Rosmerholm, RLC LXXXIX (in French), no. 2, apriljune 2015, p. 165-173. In the opinion of all the experts, Rosmersholm (1886) is the masterpiece of Ibsen, even though it is neither the most famous nor the most frequently performed of his plays. One may wonder why. This piece, extremely difficult to play, supports all the confusions and errors of interpretation possible, and it is permitted to put forward that Ibsen never went as far in his tragedy quest. This article seeks to clarify how and why such a masterpiece in a modernist perspective. Without going into the discussion of the post-tragic, we try to identify what is in itself modern originality of this strange room. Corinne FRANCOIS-DENEVE, Anne Charlotte Leffler, the forgotten one, RLC LXXXIX (in French), no. 2, april-june 2015, p. 175-186. A prolific female writer belonging to the Swedish "genombrott" movement and a staunch feminist, Anne Charlotte Leffler, whose plays were even more successful than Strindberg's, slowly disappeared from Scandinavian literature anthologies. Did male critics expel her from them, as researchers in "gender studies" began to claim in the 1970s ? Or was it that her works were thought to be too old-fashioned ? Her theatre has been recently re-discovered, in Sweden as well as in France : it is high time to put again into perspective this "forgotten one" , who has still many things to say. Harri VEIVO, Cosmopolite in Crisis. Decentring Modernity and Fracturing Subjectivity in Olavi Paavolainen's Travelogues, RLC LXXXIX (in French), no. 2, april-june 2015, p. 187-203. In the 1920s and 30s, the Finnish writer Olavi Paavolainen (1903-1964) took up the task of exploring and analysing modernity in all its manifestations and in all the places where it was felt. This project focalised first on the emancipatory and joyful modernity of the années folles, then on the rising of totalitarism in Europe and, after this dysphoric turn, on Latin America, considered capable of transcending the European conflicts. Paavolainen's travelogues produce thus a decentring of modernity, while leading at the same to the crisis of the author's subjectivity, based on the European ideal of cosmopolitism. Philippe CHARDIN, Truth and Justice, a beautiful Estonian novel of education, RLC LXXXIX (in French), no. 2, april-june 2015, p. 205-217. Tammsaare's long masterpiece, written after the first world war and retracing 50 years of Estonian history, is an extraordinary and original synthesis of several different literary European genres among which in its first part a "Rural Novel" and also a novel of "Crime and Punishment", a kind of Tragedy of Original Sin in a family but there is also a strong analogy between Taamsaare's Justice and Truth and three kinds of Educational Novels : a tragi-comical pedagogical novel in Mr Maurus's College, a painful sentimental apprenticeship and above all the novel of a young man coming from his village who becomes an "Intellectual" with his devastating irony against all social and religious values, his "Unhappy Consciousness" and his half forced bad commitments in political or private life which recall other great contemporary novels by Musil, Proust, Thomas Mann, Svevo. Frédérique TOUDOIRE-SURLAPIERRE, Phaedra and Sweden : a "shift model" ?, RLC LXXXIX (in French), no. 2, april-june 2015, p. 219-230. This paper examines, from the part of the Swedish writer Per Olov Enquist, Till Fedra, terms and issues of this cultural transfer : the rewriting of the famous tragedy of Racine. Using scientific resources of imagology and ethnocritic, this paper shows the various operations of what we called a "shift model" through the deconstruction of the French language, the oedipalization of the myth, the image transfer and the movement concepts. Mickaëlle CEDERGREN - Ylva LINDBERG, Towards a renewal of the Francophone literary canon. The role of higher education in Sweden, RLC LXXXIX (in French), no. 2, april-june 2015, p. 231-243. Even though francophone literature is expanding its territory throughout the world, its status remains ambiguous on the global field and in canonization processes. The analysis is focusing on a re-evaluation of the literary canon in the academic context abroad. Various didactic demands are revealed as essential criteria for a selection divergent from the traditional canon. It is also found that Swedish universities promote both French high-status literature, extra-occidental francophone literature and prize-winning literature, which is often commercial.

Although it is traditional to see a certain kind of "realism" as the essence of fiction, in practice novels of course offer not a simple reproduction of experience but a throughgoing organization of it. The novel is, after all, a bourgeois genre and it reflects that bourgeois view of life according to which the world is there merely to be dominated and controlled by man. This study examines both Thackeray's early fiction, in which both the novel form and the manipulative society to which it belongs are attacked, and his later works, in which they are defended, and tries to determine the reasons for this change.

Catherine BERNARD Writing Capital, or, John Lanchester's Debt to Realism John Lanchester's fourth novel Capital (2012) offers a scathing, satirical denun- ciation of the excesses of capitalism, commodity fetishism and globalisation. The choral structure of the novel also allows the text to function as a world-novel, embracing as it does the criss-crossing lives of protagonists, each embodying a facet of a ramifed present. Reworking the basic principles of realistic representation, it appropriates the language of materialism to bring it to work paradoxically against the reifcation of affects and identity. With Capital, the "credit crunch" novel claims a different form of accountability that emerges through the very "stuff" of fiction. Le quatrième roman de John Lanchester, Capital (2012), offre un portrait satirique des excès du capitalisme, du fétichisme de la marchandise et de la globalisation. La structure chorale du roman transforme aussi le texte en roman-monde. Il embrasse les vies interdépendantes de protagonistes qui, chacun, incarnent une facette d'un présent densément ramifé. Retravaillant les principes de base du réalisme, le roman s'approprie le langage du matérialisme pour l'amener à oeuvrer contre la réifcation des affects et de l'identité. Avec Capital, le roman "de la crise" ("credit crunch fiction") revendique une forme de responsabilité qui s'incarne dans la matière même de la fiction. Vanessa GUIGNERY The Way We Live Now : Jonathan Coe's Re-evaluation of Political Satire This paper examines Jonathan Coe's oeuvre to discuss the evolution of his modes of portraying contemporary Britain. While Coe is well known for his satirical state-of- the-nation novels and for his commitment to political fiction, his recent essays reveal his misgivings about the effectiveness of political satire and Condition-of- England novels in the new millennium. This paper will navigate between Coe's fiction and non-fiction to examine the forms political engagement may take in the contemporary British novel. Cet article parcourt l'oeuvre de Jonathan Coe afin d'analyser l'évolution de ses modes de représentation de la Grande-Bretagne contemporaine. Coe est connu pour ses romans satiriques qui offrent un "état de la nation" et pour son attache- ment à la fiction politique, mais ses essais récents révèlent ses doutes quant à l'efficacité de la satire politique et de romans qui décrivent la condition de l'Angleterre à l'heure du nouveau millénaire. Cet article naviguera entre les écrits fictionnels et non-fictionnels de Coe pour envisager les formes que peut prendre l'engagement politique dans le roman britannique contemporain. Jean-Michel GANTEAU Vistas of the Humble : Jon McGregor's Fiction Jon McGregor's novels are characterised by a constant attention to detail and to the ordinary. They address the realities of individual, social and anthropological vul- nerability through narratives whose frail form countermands any attempt at abstraction and totalisation. In this article, I evoke the forms and modalities of vulnerability through the prism of the characters' and narratives' dependence on trauma, of systematic relationality and of attention to singularities. By throwing light on invisibilities and by giving voice to the inarticulate, McGregor writes ethical and political novels and uses the position of the precarious witness to contribute to the creation of some narrative democracy whose purpose, in Guillaume Le Blanc's terms, is to enlarge our sense of the common. Les romans de Jon McGregor se donnent pour tâche une attention permanente aux détails et à l'ordinaire. Ils s'ordonnent ainsi à l'évocation de la vulnérabilité indivi- duelle, sociale et anthropologique à travers des récits dont la forme vulnérable refuse toute totalisation. Les modalités et visages de la vulnérabilité sont ici évoqués à travers les motifs de la dépendance au trauma, de la mise en relation systématique, et de l'attention aux singularités. En mettant en lumière l'invisible et les invisibles, et en redonnant voix aux inaudibles, Jon McGregor fait oeuvre éthique et politique : il se pose en témoin précaire et contribue à l'élaboration d'une démocratie narrative dont le but est, selon les termes de Guillaume Le Blanc, de "créer du commun" . Peter CHILDS Food Chain : Predatory Links in the Novels of David Mitchell Humans are for David Mitchell predatory animals, whatever their civilized com- plexity. His novels contain numerous examples of individuals and groups who would oppress others in the name of logic, desire, morality, technology, survival or sheer force of will. That people prey on animals, resources and other human beings is only one dimension to Mitchell's fictional world but it is consistent and stark, from the cannibals that appear in Cloud Atlas and The Thousand Autumns of Jacob de Zoet through the warring factions in number9dream to the more fantasti- cal parasitic predators of Ghostwritten and The Bone Clocks. In this essay, I review aspects to this theme while analysing Mitchell's fictional world, which increasingly seems to be governed by interlinkages not only within narratives but metaleptically across them. David Mitchell considère les êtres humains comme des prédateurs, quel que soit leur degré de civilisation. Ses romans comportent de nombreux exemples d'individus et de groupes qui oppriment autrui en invoquant pour cela la logique, le désir, la morale, la technologie, l'instinct de survie ou leur volonté de puissance. Le fait que des hommes s'en prennent à des animaux, à des ressources naturelles ou à d'autres êtres humains n'est qu'un des aspects de l'univers fictionnel de Mitchell, mais il s'agit là d'une dimension structurante, à l'origine de la noirceur de l'oeuvre dans son ensemble - des cannibales de Cloud Atlas et The Thousand Autumns of Jacob de Zoet aux prédateurs parasites de type plus fantastique dans Ghostwritten et The Bone Clocks en passant par les factions en guerre dans number9dream. Cet article recense plusieurs composantes de ce motif récurrent dans la fiction de Mitchell, laquelle paraît de plus en plus fortement régie par des liens se tissant non seulement de manière interne aux différents récits, mais aussi de manière externe entre les récits eux-mêmes, sur un mode métaleptique. Marc POREE "What if ?" : The Speculative Turn of Will Self's Fiction "Et si ?" Révélant de lui-même les extravagantes hypothèses de travail dont il aime à procéder, Will Self est friand de spéculation. Une spéculation de type "métaphysique" , rejoignant celle des poètes de la première moitié du dix-septième siècle (cloués au pilori par Johnson avant que d'être réhabilités par T. S. Eliot). Une spéculation, dont le caractère cérébral s'accommode pourtant d'une volonté de faire que le roman s'incorpore et digère ce qui ne relève a priori pas de lui (les sciences, la pensée). Une spéculation, enfin, qui procède à rebours de l'évolution du lectorat et de la technologie, en oeuvrant à renouer avec un mécanisme de "sensibilité unifiée" que Self sait être anachronique, mais qui pose, à nouveaux frais, la question de la nécessaire difficulté en art. "What if ?" Never wary of unveiling the fantastical conceits which he is wont to proceed from, Will Self is (over)fond of speculation. A speculation that is meta- physical in kind, related to that implemented by the poets of the first half of the seventeeenth century (vilified by Johnson before being rehabilitated by T. S. Eliot). A speculation, the cerebral nature of which is found to be more than compatible with the processes of incorporation and digestion, at the hands of the novel, of all that is allegedly foreign to it (the sciences, thought). A speculation, lastly, bent on restoring a mechanism of "unified sensibility" which Self knows to be anachronis- tic, given the average reader's pursuits, but which offers a fresh take on the neces- sary difficulty of art. Camille MANFREDI Tales from the Pigeon-Hole : James Kelman's Migrant Voices This article offers to dwell on James Kelman's concerns with liminality and cultural identity by outlining the dynamics of displacement, dislocation and relocation in his recent novels You Have to be Careful in the Land of the Free (2004), Kieron Smith, Boy (2008) and Mo Said She Was Quirky (2012). While paying attention to Kelman's interest in the potential for subversion of the in-between, the article anal- yses the narrators' strategies of self-preservation and self-transformation with a view to better understand Kelman's own perception of the predicament of the contemporary Scottish writer in the postcolonial and global contexts. Cet article se propose d'éclairer le traitement des motifs de la liminalité et de l'identité culturelle à travers les dynamiques de décentrement, dislocation et délocalisa- tion dans les récents romans de James Kelman, You Have to be Careful in the Land of the Free (2004), Kieron Smith, Boy (2008) et Mo Said She Was Quirky (2012). En gardant à l'esprit l'intérêt de Kelman pour le potentiel subversif de l'entre-deux, cet article analyse les stratégies de préservation et de transformation de soi développées par les narrateurs. Elles permettront d'éclairer la tâche qui, selon Kelman, revient à l'auteur écossais contemporain dans le contexte à la fois du postcolonial et de nos sociétés mondialisées. Christian GUTLEBEN Whither Postmodernism ? Four Tentative Neo-Victorian Answers This paper sets out to examine in what ways recent neo-Victorian fiction illustrates twenty-first-century fiction's quest for new novelistic possibilities. On the basis of David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas (2004), Andrea Levy's The Long Song (2010), Michel Faber's The Crimson Petal and the White (2002) and Rosie Garland's The Palace of Curiosities (2013), it will be argued that neo-Victorianism broadens the scope of postmodernism by conceiving a cosmopoetics in which a referential and an aesthetic globalisation are combined, by imagining alternative forms of fictional historiography, by challenging various forms of orthodoxy and by questioning the limits of the human. Although it suggests evolutions and variations in relation to late twentieth-century historiographic metafiction, the novel of the new millennium nevertheless cannot be said to forsake postmodernism. Cet article se propose d'examiner dans quelle mesure la fiction néo-victorienne récente illustre la tentative de la fiction du vingt-et-unième siècle d'explorer de nouvelles possibilités romanesques. En prenant comme exemples Cloud Atlas de David Mitchell (2004), The Long Song d'Andrea Levy (2010), The Crimson Petal and the White de Michel Faber (2002) et The Palace of Curiosities de Rosie Garland (2013), nous soutiendrons que le néo-victorianisme élargit le spectre du postmodernisme en concevant une cosmopoétique où se mêlent référentialité et esthétique mondialisées, en imaginant d'autres formes d'historiographie fictionnelle, en remettant en cause diverses formes d'orthodoxie et en s'interrogeant sur les limites de l'humain. Bien que le roman du nouveau millénaire suggère des variations et des évolutions par rapport à la métafiction historiographique de la fin du vingtième siècle, on ne peut cependant pas considérer qu'il renonce au postmodernisme.

The monastery of Port-Royal has been a favorite subject of scholarly research mainly because of its involvement with the founder of Jansenism in France, St-Cyran, and its family connections with Antoine Arnauld who was the theologian of the movement. Less studied, but also significant, was the role played by the reform of port-Royal by Mère Angélique Arnauld, and its continuance by her niece, Soeur Angélique de St-Jean Arnauld d'Andilly, in the Cistercian reforms of the Seventeenth Century. F. Ellen Weaver, who completed her doctorate at Princeton University and is now teaching Church History at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, has traced the evolution of this important reform from its Cistercian beginnings to its emergence as a model of Jansenist ideal and practice, pointing toward its final enduring influence in French Catholicism as a mythic symbol of heroic resistance of a community to oppressive authority in the name of freedom of conscience. She has done a careful textual analysis of the development of the Constitutions de Port-Royal during the period in which the controversies were raging (1948-1684) to illustrate this evolution fromCistercian to Jansenist character of the reform, and to point out continuities which have semetimes been overlooked in the polemic against the Jansenists. This work represents a significant contribution to studies in the religious history of modern France in general, and to monastic and counter-reformation studies in particular. Une étude neuve, unique en son genre, sur la place tenue par Mère Angélique Arnauld à Port-Royal et sur le rôle joué par sa nièce dans les réformes cisterciennes du dix-septième siècle. L'examen approfondi des Constitutions de Port-Royal révèle l'idéal janséniste et fournit une contribution non négligeable aux recherches sue l'histoire religieuse de la France moderne.

Here are 45 dazzling, fantastical bird-related designs that offer a unique source of copyright-free inspiration to artists and illustrators. Created by noted designer William Rowe, every element of the designs is derived from bird forms. You'll find flurries of wings, beaks and tails, strange half-bird, half-human creations, kaleidoscopic conglomerations of avian anatomy, bird silhouettes, and many other unusual representations of birds, both familiar and bizarre. Not only a useful archive of design ideas, Bird Fantasy Designs offers wonderful opportunities and challenges to the colorist as well.

Jordan and Florence had made a promise never to part with each other, having managed to heal their past pains. Unfortunately, one day she will return to France, leaving Jordan, alone, in Boston. Their love, their carnal complicity in which they always found refuge and had fun in unusual places, cannot be ended on a whim. The death of a child, of a parent, suicide, disability, so many trials that will test their love, so that they admit they are nothing without the other. Will they succeed, knowing that when one is loved, one strength is increased tenfold when one encounters an obstacle ? Besides, distance is nothing when two people love each other so passionately, destiny is supposed to bring those who love each other together.

Agnès DERAIL-IMBERT Eros et Arès : les enfants de la guerre dans Billy Budd, Sailor de Melville Cette étude se propose de lire Billy Budd, Sailor comme une fable juridique qui dramatise, dans un double contexte de guerre et de mutinerie, le conflit entre la violence d'une innocence exceptionnelle (Billy) et celle du mal absolu (Claggart). L'une et l'autre, hors la loi, recèle une menace insurrectionnelle que la souveraineté politique (celle du capitaine Vere), pour se maintenir, doit réprimer. Le jugement de Vere - l'exécution de Budd -, s'exerçant au nom de la violence légale, met en oeuvre une stratégie qui enrôle la puissance cohésive d'Eros au service de la loi mar- tiale, dans une opération qui vise à naturaliser et à sublimer la violence arbitraire de l'état d'exception. Against a backdrop of war and mutiny, Billy Budd, Sailor can be read as a juridical drama staging the conflict between the exceptional violence of utmost innocence (Billy's) and that of absolute evil (Claggart's). Both infringe the law and both are pregnant with a threat of insurrection which political sovereignty (captain Vere's) must eradicate for the sake of its own integrity. Vere's sentence condemning Budd to death in the name of legal violence partakes of a complex strategy whose aim is to summon Eros's cohesive power in order to buttress martial law and to naturalize and sublimate the arbitrary violence of the state of exception. Michael GILLESPIE The Picture of Dorian Gray as a Postmodern Work Despite the wide range of interpretative approaches to The Picture of Dorian Gray that have appeared since its publication, all seem to assume that a particular set of values or beliefs-traditional Judeo-Christian morality, cultural attitudes, nationa- list dispositions, or queer inclinations-is integral to Wilde's narrative. This essay challenges the value of any metaphysical reading by asserting that the world of The Picture of Dorian Gray is delineated in strictly physical terms and so is best as a Post-Modern work. Through close reading, this essay shows key points in the narrative that highlight the absence of all values and that underscore the view that characters behave according to strictly material considerations. In the end the essay concludes that Wilde presents a world as grim and bleak as anything found in the works of Samuel Beckett. Malgré les nombreuses interprétations dont a fait l'objet The Picture of Dorian Gray depuis sa publication, tous les critiques semblent penser qu'un ensemble de valeurs ou de croyances-qu'il s'agisse de la morale judéo-chrétienne, de positions culturelles, de dispositions nationalistes ou de l'homosexualité-fait partie inté- grante du roman de Wilde. Cet essai remet en question la pertinence de toute lec- ture métaphysique en affirmant que le monde de The Picture of Dorian Gray est délimité en termes strictement physiques et que l'on ici affaire plutôt à une oeuvre post-moderne. En se fondant sur une lecture détaillée, cet essai montre que des points-clés dans le récit mettent en évidence l'absence de toute valeur et soulignent l'idée que les personnages se comportent en fonction de considérations purement matérielles. En conclusion, cet article souligne que Wilde donne à voir un monde aussi sombre que celui de Samuel Beckett. Christopher S. NASSAAR Hidden Meanings and the Failure of Art : Wilde's A Woman of No Importance Complexity is the hallmark of Oscar Wilde's mature works. From "Lord Arthur Savile's Crime" through The Picture of Dorian Gray and Salome, there is an incre- dible amount of complexity wherever we look. When we reach A Woman of No Importance, however, the complexity apparently disappears, and the play is usually read as a conventional Victorian melodrama. A deeper look at the play reveals veiled references to Farquhar, Hawthorne, Arbuthnot and Baudelaire. The refe- rences point to a deep hidden meaning in the play. Traced carefully, they reveal Mrs. Arbuthnot as a deeply corrupt woman who is unaware of the dark recesses of evil within herself. Unfortunately, this suppressed undercurrent of meaning is too dee- ply buried and very difficult to detect, which has led people in general to accept the surface meaning as the true one. The play is thus a stylistic failure, although its veiled thematic content is quite profound. La complexité caractérise les oeuvres d'Oscar Wilde, de "Lord Arthur Savile's Crime" jusqu'à The Picture of Dorian Gray et Salome, alors que, dans A Woman of No Importance, celle-ci paraît moins évidente, la pièce étant le plus souvent lue comme un mélodrame victorien conventionnel. Cependant, si on analyse la pièce de plus près, on y décèle des références voilées à Farquhar, Hawthorne, Arbuthnot et Baudelaire. Celles-ci soulignent qu'il y a dans la pièce un sens caché, et une analyse détaillée révèle que Mrs Arbuthnot est en fait une femme corrompue et inconsciente du mal tapi en elle. Malheureusement, parce que celui-ci est profondément enfoui, on s'en est souvent tenu à une lecture superficielle de la pièce. Celle-ci est donc, en un sens, un échec stylistique en dépit de sa profondeur thématique. Nathalie SAUDO-WELBY Narratorial authority in Sarah Grand's Beth Book (1897) The Beth Book, a partly autobiographical narrative, is a feminist Bildungsroman told in the third person. Historical, religious and scientifc discourses combine to give authority to the narrator's vision of Beth, so that the narrator is fnally in a position to award Beth the title of female genius. Yet, very little is said of the con- tent of Beth's "art for man's sake ;" the title and the content of her non-fction book are not described ; and the novel's last words are the name of her "Knight, " a writer who believes in woman's genius to reveal man's own. Avoiding the most direct form of didacticism, Sarah Grand has shifted the emphasis away from Beth's message to women to the narrator's work of authorizing Beth to progress to her position of public speaker. In the process, this narrator is given a historical consciousness and a sex. The Beth Book est un roman d'apprentissage féministe au contenu en partie auto- biographique. Fondant son autorité sur une analyse historique et un discours reli- gieux et scientifque, l'instance narrative fnit par octroyer à Beth le titre de génie féminin. Pourtant, un vide entoure le contenu de "l'art pour l'homme" de Beth ; de son ouvrage, on ne sait ni le titre ni le contenu mais seulement qu'il ne s'agit pas de fction ; les derniers mots du roman sont le nom de son "Chevalier" , un écri- vain qui croit que le génie des femmes consiste à susciter celui des hommes. Tout en évitant les formes de didactisme les plus directes, Sarah Grand a placé au centre de son roman engagé la tâche de la narratrice omnisciente qui va faire progresser Beth en position d'orateur de génie. Au cours de ce processus, la narratrice acquiert une conscience historique et un sexe. Pierre LONGUENESSE Yeats et le mélange des genres : du texte à la scène Dans le projet de "théâtre de l'imagination" formulé par Yeats dès 1890, le Verbe poétique est porteur d'un pouvoir visionnaire, par la performativité de son énoncia- tion concrète portée par le corps de ce que l'on n'appelle pas encore, avec Georges Banu, un "acteur-poète" . Ce projet fait de l'écriture dramatique un objet multi- forme, où le drame n'a de sens que mis en tension par ce qui le "menace" dans sa pureté générique : la narration, le chant, la danse. ll conduit le dramaturge vers des collaborations audacieuses sur les scènes de ses créations, entre musiciens, compo- siteurs, et danseurs. En somme, loin de "menacer" son théâtre, ces figures d'un "hors-champ" artistique sont ce qui en constitue l'expression par excellence, puisque, par le théâtre, est dévolu au verbe le pouvoir extra-ordinaire de faire sur- gir, par sa physicalité propre, aussi bien le souffle du chant que le rythme du corps dansant. In the "Theatre of Imagination" conceived by Yeats in the 1890s, the poetic Verb is given the power to create visions through the concrete physicality of its uttering by the performing body of what Georges Banu will later call an "acteur-poète". This project transforms dramatic writing process into the creation of a multiform object, in which the issue of the drama is brought out by the tension between oppo- site mediums : theatre on the one hand, singing, dance, tale on the other hand... This exploration involves Yeats in original collaborations on stage with composers, musicians, and dancers. In short, these manifestations of an artistic "hors-champ, " far from threatening the drama, become on the contrary the core of its expression, as a new power is, on stage, devoted to the Verb : the extra-ordinary power to arise the pneuma of singing as well as the rhythm of the dancing body. Anne MOUNIC "To tell and be told" : war poetry as the "transmission of sympathy" War poetry raises a paradox : the destructive collective imposition which weighed upon each soldier during the Great War triggered off new individual awareness and led to a questioning of the values that had prevailed until then, and notably idealis- tic philosophy. Discussing the paradox, we shall oppose tragedy and the individual epic, catharsis and empathy, the choice of death and the choice of life. The Great War writings will be placed in their literary and philosophical context, before and after. La poésie de guerre soulève un paradoxe : la contrainte collective de destruction qui pesa sur chaque soldat durant la Grande Guerre suscita une nouvelle conscience singulière, menant à un questionnement des valeurs et, notamment, de la philoso- phie idéaliste. Discutant ce paradoxe, nous opposerons la tragédie à l'épopée indi- viduelle, la catharsis à l'empathie, le choix de la mort à celui de la vie. Les écrits de la Grande Guerre seront placés dans leur contexte littéraire et philosophique, avant et après. Olivier HERCEND Cinema, the mind and the reader in Virginia Woolf's The Mark On the Wall Taking up David Trotter's Cinema and Modernism, this article emphasises the strong links that exist between Virginia Woolf's thoughts on cinema and the new techniques and notions that she develops in "The Mark on the Wall. " Indeed, her depiction of the mind's process fosters the image of a fragmented world, a succes- sion of images that come under no authoritative order or meaning : a mere mon- tage. But cinema also contains the promise of an artistic answer to the fragmentation of the modern condition. Through a renewal of textual co-operation, Woolf opens her reader to the possibilities of what I choose to call an "aesthetics of juxtaposi- tion. " Reprenant les idées exprimées dans Cinema and Modernism, de David Trotter, cet article relie la pensée de Virginia Woolf sur le cinéma aux techniques et aux notions nouvelles qu'elle développe dans "The Mark on the Wall" . De fait, en tentant de décrire le fonctionnement de l'esprit, elle fait naître l'image d'un monde fragmenté, une succession d'images qui ne tombent sous l'autorité d'aucun ordre ni d'aucune signification essentiels : en un mot, un montage. Mais le cinéma est également la source d'une réponse artistique à la fragmentation de la condition moderne. En renouvelant les modalités de la coopération textuelle, Woolf ouvre son lecteur aux possibilités d'une "esthétique de la juxtaposition" . Antonia RIGAUD Les Europeras de John Cage : de l'opéra au cirque Cet article interroge le rapport ambigu qu'entretint John Cage avec le théâtre tout au long de sa carrière. Influencé très tôt par Artaud et Stein, il ne cesse de faire référence au théâtre et conçoit son art comme une réflexion sur la théâtralité et la notion de performance. Ses Europeras, à la fin de sa carrière, permettent de mettre en avant la manière dont il a cherché à la fois à inscrire ses expérimentations artis- tiques dans le champ théâtral tout en faisant sortir le théâtre des codes mêmes de la scène. La place centrale que Cage donne au théâtre, bien qu'il ne produise que de très rares oeuvres théâtrales, témoigne de son désir de penser le théâtre non pas en tant que médium mais en tant que lieu d'expérimentation. This article addresses John Cage's ambiguous relationship with theatre throughout his career. Influenced early by Artaud and Stein, he often referred to theatre and understood his own art project as a reflection on theatricality and performance. The Europeras, written late in his career, testify to his attempt to associate his artistic experimentation with theater while pushing on the limits of theatre. The prominent position Cage gave to the theatre in contrast to the rarity of his theatrical work pieces is emblematic of his ambition to re-think the theatre as a locus of experimentation.

""Je suis n"? Qu'est-ce que cela signifie ? Lorsque les combattants de l'Etat islamique sont arrivés au nord de l'Irak, ils ont commencé à marquer les maisons des chrétiens ou leurs églises de la lettre "noun" en arabe (ce qui correspond à "n" en français). Cette simple lettre était à elle seule une accusation aux conséquences terribles : elle déclarait que les occupants du lieu étaient des "nazaréens", des personnes qui suivaient Jésus de Nazareth."" Ils viennent d'Egypte, d'Iran, du Nigeria, d'Asie centrale, de Syrie, du Pakistan et d'autres contrées lointaines... Ils s'appellent Ali, Jamil, Amina, Hussein, Suleiman, Nadia... Tous, ils persévèrent dans la foi au milieu d'un environnement hostile à l'Evangile. Loin de notre confort et de notre tranquillité, ils sont prêts à payer le prix pour demeurer fidèles à Celui qui a changé leur vie. Des témoignages saisissants, qui nous encouragent mais aussi nous bousculent et nous interpellent."